The eHALOPH Plant API is a comprehensive botanical data service that provides detailed information about halophyte plant species, with an emphasis on their salt tolerance and potential economic applications. The API's primary endpoint, /api/v1/plants/{id}, returns rich structured data about specific plant species, including taxonomic classification, physiological characteristics, and well-referenced scientific research on salinity tolerance. For each plant, the API provides extensive data including family, genus, species information, along with specialized fields such as maximum and optimal salinity levels, compatible solutes, secondary metabolites, and economic uses—all backed by academic citations. The service also includes image references and bibliographic data, making it a valuable resource for researchers, agricultural scientists, and conservation biologists studying salt-tolerant plant species.
The API follows RESTful design principles with consistent JSON response structures, proper HTTP status codes, and endpoint-specific rate limiting to ensure service stability. Its well-organized data model captures the complex relationships between plant attributes and their supporting scientific literature, with each data point often linked to multiple academic references. This design makes the eHALOPH API particularly valuable for scientific applications requiring evidence-based plant data, especially in the fields of biosaline agriculture, phytoremediation, and the study of plant adaptations to saline environments.
\n","schema":"https://schema.getpostman.com/json/collection/v2.0.0/collection.json","toc":[],"owner":"3795325","collectionId":"7fddcb82-0256-47d6-81a5-df324168a311","publishedId":"2sAYkGLzF2","public":true,"customColor":{"top-bar":"FFFFFF","right-sidebar":"303030","highlight":"FF6C37"},"publishDate":"2025-04-01T07:35:22.000Z"},"item":[{"name":"plants/{id}","id":"40597e0e-e6c5-426e-bfa4-0b1299323d1e","protocolProfileBehavior":{"disableBodyPruning":true},"request":{"auth":{"type":"noauth","isInherited":false},"method":"GET","header":[],"body":{"mode":"graphql","graphql":{"query":"","variables":""}},"url":"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants/289","description":"Returns data for a single plant specified by the id.
\nThe endpoint returns detailed botanical and ecological information about halophytic plants (salt-tolerant plants). For each plant, it provides a comprehensive data structure that includes:
\nBasic taxonomic information (family, genus, species, author)
\nPlant characteristics (plant type, life form)
\nPhysiological data (salinity tolerance ranges, optimal salinity levels)
\nBiochemical properties (molecular data, antioxidants, secondary metabolites)
\nEcological information (habitat, distribution)
\nEconomic applications and uses
\nReferences to scientific literature supporting the data
\nA full list of fields that are returned by the eHALOPH API can be obtained by calling the endpoint: /fields
\n","urlObject":{"path":["api","v1","plants","289"],"host":["https://ehaloph.uc.pt"],"query":[],"variable":[]}},"response":[{"id":"67620116-9406-40e4-be1a-3ba3139f0b3e","name":"plants/id","originalRequest":{"method":"GET","header":[],"url":"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants/13568"},"status":"OK","code":200,"_postman_previewlanguage":"json","header":[{"key":"Server","value":"nginx"},{"key":"Date","value":"Thu, 03 Apr 2025 15:21:55 GMT"},{"key":"Content-Type","value":"application/json"},{"key":"Transfer-Encoding","value":"chunked"},{"key":"Connection","value":"keep-alive"},{"key":"X-Powered-By","value":"PHP/8.2.25"},{"key":"Cache-Control","value":"private, must-revalidate"},{"key":"pragma","value":"no-cache"},{"key":"expires","value":"-1"},{"key":"X-RateLimit-Limit","value":"60"},{"key":"X-RateLimit-Remaining","value":"59"},{"key":"Strict-Transport-Security","value":"max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains"},{"key":"Access-Control-Allow-Origin","value":"*"}],"cookie":[],"responseTime":null,"body":"{\n \"data\": {\n \"id\": 13568,\n \"date\": \"2024-10-20T07:03:32.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2024-10-20T07:03:32.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Apiaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Crithmum\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"maritimum\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"L.\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"chasmophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"Herbaceous perennial\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genotypes\",\n \"question\": \"Genotypes\",\n \"value\": \"Yes\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"max_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Maximum salinity tolerated/tested\",\n \"value\": \"512\",\n \"unit\": \"mM\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 8728,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Hamdani, F., A. Derridj and H. J. Rogers\",\n \"Title\": \"Diverse salinity responses in Crithmum maritimum tissues at different salinities over time\",\n \"Source\": \"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Crithmum maritimum L.\\r\\nhalophyte\\r\\nNa+/K+ antiporter\\r\\nreactive oxygen\\r\\nspecies\\r\\nsalt stress\\r\\nantioxidant responses\\r\\nglycine betaine\\r\\nsalt stress\\r\\ntolerance\\r\\nl.\\r\\nplants\\r\\nhalophytes\\r\\nproline\\r\\nmechanisms\\r\\nexpression\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Crithmum maritimum (sea fennel) withstands high salinity, and to better understand how different protective mechanisms against salinity are activated, young seedlings were exposed to increasing concentrations of NaCl (0 to 512 mM) over six weeks. Plant survival and chlorophyll content were reduced at > 85 mM NaCl and growth was affected at >= 341 mM NaCl. Relative water content fell and Na+ accumulated more in leaves than in roots. Induction of Na+/H+ antiporter expression reached a maximum at 427 mM NaCl in both tissues. Salinity induced the accumulation of proline, soluble sugars and glycine betaine. All three accumulated to higher levels in leaves than roots and greatest accumulation was after 6 weeks and the highest salt concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide levels fell with increasing salinity in leaves, while ascorbic acid and catalase activity rose. Overall, the most dramatic changes occurred after six weeks of saline stress but different mechanisms were activated at different salinity thresholds and in the two tissues. Key salinity thresholds in the response of Crithmum maritimum to salinity stress are identified activating different mechanisms. At 85 mM NaCl roots reach osmotic adjustment, at 171 mM further osmolyte protection mechanisms are activated, at 256 mM NaCl leaves reach osmotic adjustment, at 341 mM plant growth is affected and at the highest salinity tested, 512 mM, protective mechanisms are affected in leaves but not in roots.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Hamdani, Faiza; Derridj, Arezki] Univ Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, Fac Sci Biol & Sci Agron, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria. [Hamdani, Faiza] Univ Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Fac Sci Nat & Vie, Dept Sci Agron, Ouargla 30000, Algeria. [Hamdani, Faiza; Rogers, Hilary J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Biosci, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales.\\r\\nRogers, HJ (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Biosci, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales.\\r\\nrogershj@cf.ac.uk\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0718-9516\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0718-9516\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Sep\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2017\",\n \"Volume\": \"17\",\n \"Issue\": \"3\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"716-734\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000414530300013\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"max_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Maximum salinity tolerated/tested\",\n \"value\": \"13\",\n \"unit\": \"PSU\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 212,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"OKUSANYA, OT\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"OKUSANYA, OT\",\n \"Title\": \"EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE ECOLOGY OF SOME MARITIME CLIFF SPECIES .3. EFFECT OF SEA-WATER ON GROWTH\",\n \"Source\": \"JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Author Address\": \"UNIV LANCASTER,DEPT BIOL SCI,LANCASTER LA1 4YQ,LANCASHIRE,ENGLAND\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"18\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"14\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"17\",\n \"Publisher\": \"BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"OXFORD\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0022-0477\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"J ECOL\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"J. Ecol.\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1979\",\n \"Volume\": \"67\",\n \"Issue\": \"2\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"579\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"590\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/2259113\",\n \"Page Count\": \"12\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences; Ecology\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"HL810\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1979HL81000009\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 213,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Okusanya, O. T. 1979 An experimental investigation into the ecology of some maritime cliff species. III. Effect of seawater on growth. Journal of Ecology 67 579 - 590\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"max_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Maximum salinity tolerated/tested\",\n \"value\": \"200\",\n \"unit\": \"mM\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 1028,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Ben Amor, N., K. Ben Hamed, A. Debez, C. Grignon and C. Abdelly\",\n \"Title\": \"Physiological and antioxidant responses of the perennial halophyte Crithmum maritimum to salinity\",\n \"Source\": \"Plant Science\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Physiological behavior and antioxidant responses to salinity were studied in Crithmum maritimum, a local halophyte naturally growing on rocky coasts. The plant growth was significantly improved at moderate salt levels (50 mM NaCl), but was drastically reduced at 200 mM NaCl. The stimulation of biomass production at 50 mM NaCl was associated with enhanced root length and leaf number. Tissue hydration seemed unaffected by salinity, despite Na+ and Cl- were largely accumulated in shoots. The highest salinity (200 mM NaCl) induced mineral nutrition disturbance within the plant shoots, as their Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ concentrations significantly declined. However, C. maritimum displayed high uptake selectivity for the latter. Monitoring lipid peroxidation showed that both root and shoot malonyldialdehyde (MDA) contents of plants cultivated at the optimal salt concentration (50 mM NaCl) were lower than control ones. This was related to enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, like superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.111.1.6), and peroxidase (EC 1.111.1.7), especially in shoots. The limitation of the plant growth at 200 mM NaCl was concomitant with lesser efficiency of these protective enzymes, but MDA levels in both roots and shoots remained close to control ones. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0168-9452\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0168-9452\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Apr\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2005\",\n \"Volume\": \"168\",\n \"Issue\": \"4\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"889-899\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.11.002\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000227537400004\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"max_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Maximum salinity tolerated/tested\",\n \"value\": \"300\",\n \"unit\": \"mM\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 7443,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"CH\",\n \"Authors\": \"Plaza, B. M., S. Jimenez-Becker, P. Garcia-Caparros, M. D. Verdejo, L. A. Chaves and M. T. Lao\",\n \"Book Author\": \"J. C. Mauget and S. Godet\",\n \"Editors\": \"J. C. Mauget and S. Godet\",\n \"Title\": \"Influence of Salinity on Vegetative Growth of Six Native Mediterranean Species\",\n \"Source\": \"Ii International Symposium on Horticulture in Europe\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"fresh weight\\r\\ndry weight\\r\\nNaCl\\r\\nSBC\\r\\nhalophyte\\r\\nphotosynthetic responses\\r\\nantioxidant responses\\r\\ncrithmum-maritimum\\r\\nhalophyte\\r\\nleaf\",\n \"Abstract\": \"High salinity can reduce plant growth and leaf area, which is detrimental to quality, especially in ornamental crops. The study of the behavior of ornamental plants that are tolerant to saline waters can be an advantage in areas with poor-quality irrigation water. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the fertigation water salinity on the vegetative growth of six Mediterranean crops. The species studied were Asteriscus maritimus, Crithmum maritimum, Sarcocornia fruticosa, Halimione portulacoides, Lavandula multifida and Limonium cossonianum. Plants were cultivated during 60 days in pots with a mixture of peat: perlite 80:20 (v/v) in a polyethylene greenhouse. Three nutrient solutions with different salt concentrations were applied: T1 (100 mM), T2 (200 mM) and T3 (300 mM), obtained with the application of different amounts of sodium chloride (NaCl) to the fertigation water. Crithmum maritimum, Sarcoconia fructicosa and Halimione portulacoides had a positive response when salinity level rise. Nevertheless, a significant reduction in leaf and total fresh and dry weight were detected due to the salinity concentration increase in Asteriscus maritimus and Lavandula multifida. The 200 and 300 mM NaCl treatments resulted in a growth reduction of more than 20 and 29% in Asteriscus maritimus and 31 and 52% in Lavandula multifida, respectively. Moreover, foliar injuries have been observed in Lavandula multifida and Limonium cossonianum in the treatments with the highest salt concentration.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Plaza, B. M.; Jimenez-Becker, S.; Garcia-Caparros, P.; Verdejo, M. del M.; Chaves, L. A.; Lao, M. T.] Univ Almeria, Engn Higher Sch, Dept Vegetal Prod, Ctra Sacramento S-N, Almeria 04120, Spain.\\r\\nPlaza, BM (reprint author), Univ Almeria, Engn Higher Sch, Dept Vegetal Prod, Ctra Sacramento S-N, Almeria 04120, Spain.\\r\\nsbecker@ual.es\",\n \"ISSN\": \"978-94-62610-96-5\",\n \"ISBN\": \"978-94-62610-96-5\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2015\",\n \"Volume\": \"1099\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"755-760\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000378644300094\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 10040,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Jimenez-Becker, S., M. Ramirez and B. M. Plaza\",\n \"Title\": \"The influence of salinity on the vegetative growth, osmolytes and chloride concentration of four halophytic species\",\n \"Source\": \"Journal of Plant Nutrition\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"dry weight\\r\\nhalophyte\\r\\nNaCl\\r\\nosmoprotectant\\r\\nsalt excretion\\r\\nsalt stress\\r\\nleaf water relations\\r\\ncrithmum-maritimum\\r\\nsoluble sugars\\r\\nnacl salinity\\r\\nresponses\\r\\ntolerance\\r\\nstress\\r\\nmechanisms\\r\\naccumulation\\r\\nhomeostasis\",\n \"Abstract\": \"The aim of this work was to study the influence of salinity of the fertigation solution on the vegetative growth, as well as on the osmolytes and chloride concentration of four halophytic species. Results show that the increase of salinity caused the reduction of plant fresh and dry matter in Asteriscus maritimus, while plant dry weight was unaffected by the salinity in Crithmum maritimum, Halimione. portulacoides and Limonium cossonianum. Salinity enhanced root growth of H. portulacoides. Salt-induced succulence was detected in A. maritimus. The translocation of Cl- to the leaves is an important factor responsible for salt tolerance of A. maritimus and H. portulacoides. However, C. maritimum and L. cossonianum restricted the uptake of Cl- and excrete salts through the leaves. Crithmum maritimum and H. portulacoides accumulated proline and soluble sugars in leaves which acts as osmoprotectant. Among the species studied, H. portulacoides has the greatest Cl- phytoextraction efficiency.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Jimenez-Becker, Silvia] Higher Polytech Sch, Dept Agron, Ctra Sacramento S-N, Almeria 04120, Spain. [Jimenez-Becker, Silvia] Agrifood Campus Int Excellence CeiA3, Expt Sci Coll, Ctra Sacramento S-N, Almeria 04120, Spain.\\r\\nJimenez-Becker, S (reprint author), Higher Polytech Sch, Dept Agron, Ctra Sacramento S-N, Almeria 04120, Spain.; Jimenez-Becker, S (reprint author), Agrifood Campus Int Excellence CeiA3, Expt Sci Coll, Ctra Sacramento S-N, Almeria 04120, Spain.\\r\\nsbecker@ual.es\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0190-4167\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0190-4167\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"J. Plant Nutr.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Sep\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2019\",\n \"Volume\": \"42\",\n \"Issue\": \"15\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"1838-1849\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1080/01904167.2019.1648666\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000479162900001\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 1033,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Ben Hamed, K., A. Castagna, E. Salem, A. Ranieri and C. Abdelly\",\n \"Title\": \"Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) under salinity conditions: a comparison of leaf and root antioxidant responses\",\n \"Source\": \"Plant Growth Regulation\",\n \"Abstract\": \"The present study was carried out to compare the effect of NaCl on growth, cell membrane damage, and antioxidant defences in the halophyte Crithmum maritimum L. (sea fennel). Physiological and biochemical changes were investigated under control (0 mM NaCl) and saline conditions (100 and 300 mM NaCl). Biomass and growth of roots were more sensitive to NaCl than leaves. Roots were distinguished from leaves by increased electrolyte leakage and high malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were lower in the roots than in the leaves of control plants. The different activity patterns of antioxidant enzymes in response to 100 and 300 mM NaCl indicated that leaves and roots reacted differently to salt stress. Leaf CAT, APX and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were lowest at 300 mM NaCl, but they were unaffected by 100 mM NaCl. Only SOD activity was reduced in the latter treatment. Root SOD activity was significantly decreased in response to 300 mM NaCl and root APX activity was significantly higher in plants treated with 100 and 300 mM compared to the controls. The other activities in roots were insensitive to salt. The concentration of AA decreased in leaves at 100 and 300 mM NaCl, and in roots at 300 mM NaCl, when compared to control plants. The concentrations of GSH in NaCl-treated leaves and roots were not significantly different from the controls. In both organs, AA and GSH were predominating in the total pool in ascorbic acid and glutathione, under control or saline conditions.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0167-6903\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0167-6903\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Dec\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2007\",\n \"Volume\": \"53\",\n \"Issue\": \"3\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"185-194\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1007/s10725-007-9217-8\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000250381300005\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"max_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Maximum salinity tolerated/tested\",\n \"value\": \"800\",\n \"unit\": \"g/kg\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 16008,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Farzana, Tania J.; Guo, Qi R.; Rahman, Md. Sydur R.; Rose, Terry R.; Barkla, Bronwyn R.\",\n \"Title\": \"Salinity and nitrogen source affect productivity and nutritional value of edible halophytes\",\n \"Source\": \"PLOS ONE\",\n \"ResearcherID Number\": \"Barkla, Bronwyn/O-6301-2017\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1932-6203\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"AUG 15\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2023\",\n \"Volume\": \"18\",\n \"Issue\": \"8\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0288547\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:001054317000022\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2023-10-04T04:39:37.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"optimal_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Optimal Salinity\",\n \"value\": \"85\",\n \"unit\": \"mM\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 8728,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Hamdani, F., A. Derridj and H. J. Rogers\",\n \"Title\": \"Diverse salinity responses in Crithmum maritimum tissues at different salinities over time\",\n \"Source\": \"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Crithmum maritimum L.\\r\\nhalophyte\\r\\nNa+/K+ antiporter\\r\\nreactive oxygen\\r\\nspecies\\r\\nsalt stress\\r\\nantioxidant responses\\r\\nglycine betaine\\r\\nsalt stress\\r\\ntolerance\\r\\nl.\\r\\nplants\\r\\nhalophytes\\r\\nproline\\r\\nmechanisms\\r\\nexpression\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Crithmum maritimum (sea fennel) withstands high salinity, and to better understand how different protective mechanisms against salinity are activated, young seedlings were exposed to increasing concentrations of NaCl (0 to 512 mM) over six weeks. Plant survival and chlorophyll content were reduced at > 85 mM NaCl and growth was affected at >= 341 mM NaCl. Relative water content fell and Na+ accumulated more in leaves than in roots. Induction of Na+/H+ antiporter expression reached a maximum at 427 mM NaCl in both tissues. Salinity induced the accumulation of proline, soluble sugars and glycine betaine. All three accumulated to higher levels in leaves than roots and greatest accumulation was after 6 weeks and the highest salt concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide levels fell with increasing salinity in leaves, while ascorbic acid and catalase activity rose. Overall, the most dramatic changes occurred after six weeks of saline stress but different mechanisms were activated at different salinity thresholds and in the two tissues. Key salinity thresholds in the response of Crithmum maritimum to salinity stress are identified activating different mechanisms. At 85 mM NaCl roots reach osmotic adjustment, at 171 mM further osmolyte protection mechanisms are activated, at 256 mM NaCl leaves reach osmotic adjustment, at 341 mM plant growth is affected and at the highest salinity tested, 512 mM, protective mechanisms are affected in leaves but not in roots.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Hamdani, Faiza; Derridj, Arezki] Univ Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, Fac Sci Biol & Sci Agron, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria. [Hamdani, Faiza] Univ Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Fac Sci Nat & Vie, Dept Sci Agron, Ouargla 30000, Algeria. [Hamdani, Faiza; Rogers, Hilary J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Biosci, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales.\\r\\nRogers, HJ (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Biosci, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales.\\r\\nrogershj@cf.ac.uk\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0718-9516\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0718-9516\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Sep\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2017\",\n \"Volume\": \"17\",\n \"Issue\": \"3\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"716-734\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000414530300013\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"optimal_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Optimal Salinity\",\n \"value\": \"3.3\",\n \"unit\": \"PSU\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 212,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"OKUSANYA, OT\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"OKUSANYA, OT\",\n \"Title\": \"EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE ECOLOGY OF SOME MARITIME CLIFF SPECIES .3. EFFECT OF SEA-WATER ON GROWTH\",\n \"Source\": \"JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Author Address\": \"UNIV LANCASTER,DEPT BIOL SCI,LANCASTER LA1 4YQ,LANCASHIRE,ENGLAND\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"18\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"14\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"17\",\n \"Publisher\": \"BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"OXFORD\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0022-0477\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"J ECOL\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"J. Ecol.\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1979\",\n \"Volume\": \"67\",\n \"Issue\": \"2\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"579\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"590\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/2259113\",\n \"Page Count\": \"12\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences; Ecology\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"HL810\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1979HL81000009\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 213,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Okusanya, O. T. 1979 An experimental investigation into the ecology of some maritime cliff species. III. Effect of seawater on growth. Journal of Ecology 67 579 - 590\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"optimal_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Optimal Salinity\",\n \"value\": \"50\",\n \"unit\": \"mM\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 1028,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Ben Amor, N., K. Ben Hamed, A. Debez, C. Grignon and C. Abdelly\",\n \"Title\": \"Physiological and antioxidant responses of the perennial halophyte Crithmum maritimum to salinity\",\n \"Source\": \"Plant Science\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Physiological behavior and antioxidant responses to salinity were studied in Crithmum maritimum, a local halophyte naturally growing on rocky coasts. The plant growth was significantly improved at moderate salt levels (50 mM NaCl), but was drastically reduced at 200 mM NaCl. The stimulation of biomass production at 50 mM NaCl was associated with enhanced root length and leaf number. Tissue hydration seemed unaffected by salinity, despite Na+ and Cl- were largely accumulated in shoots. The highest salinity (200 mM NaCl) induced mineral nutrition disturbance within the plant shoots, as their Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ concentrations significantly declined. However, C. maritimum displayed high uptake selectivity for the latter. Monitoring lipid peroxidation showed that both root and shoot malonyldialdehyde (MDA) contents of plants cultivated at the optimal salt concentration (50 mM NaCl) were lower than control ones. This was related to enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, like superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.111.1.6), and peroxidase (EC 1.111.1.7), especially in shoots. The limitation of the plant growth at 200 mM NaCl was concomitant with lesser efficiency of these protective enzymes, but MDA levels in both roots and shoots remained close to control ones. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0168-9452\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0168-9452\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Apr\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2005\",\n \"Volume\": \"168\",\n \"Issue\": \"4\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"889-899\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.11.002\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000227537400004\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"optimal_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Optimal Salinity\",\n \"value\": \"100\",\n \"unit\": \"mM\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 16008,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Farzana, Tania J.; Guo, Qi R.; Rahman, Md. Sydur R.; Rose, Terry R.; Barkla, Bronwyn R.\",\n \"Title\": \"Salinity and nitrogen source affect productivity and nutritional value of edible halophytes\",\n \"Source\": \"PLOS ONE\",\n \"ResearcherID Number\": \"Barkla, Bronwyn/O-6301-2017\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1932-6203\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"AUG 15\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2023\",\n \"Volume\": \"18\",\n \"Issue\": \"8\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0288547\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:001054317000022\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2023-10-04T04:39:37.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"ionomics\",\n \"question\": \"Ionomics\",\n \"value\": \"Yes\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"germination\",\n \"question\": \"Germination\",\n \"value\": \"Yes\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"No\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"C3\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"molecular\",\n \"question\": \"Molecular Data\",\n \"value\": \"DNA\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 3057,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Koce, J. D., S. Skondric, T. Bacic and M. Dermastia\",\n \"Title\": \"Amounts of nuclear DNA in marine halophytes\",\n \"Source\": \"Aquatic Botany\",\n \"Abstract\": \"The amount of nuclear DNA, expressed as the C-value, was estimated for 13 marine halophytic plant species from six families. Plant material was collected in the nature reserve of the Strunjan saltpan in the Northern Adriatic and comprised all halophytic species inside the investigated area. Reproductive region of the shoot or root tips of halophytes were dissected, nuclei were Feulgen stained and 2C-values were measured by DNA image cytometry as follows: Crithmum maritimum (4.38 pg DNA), Artemisia caerulescens (6.43 pg), Aster tripolium (21.43 pg), Inula crithmoides (3.63 pg), Atriplex portulacoides (1.83 pg), A. prostrato (1.51 pg), Salicornia europaea (2.75 pg), Salsola soda (2.62 pg), Sarcocornia fruticosa (5.91 pg), Suaeda maritima (2.11 pg), Limonium angustifolium (5.06 pg), Puccinellia palustris (8.15 pg) and Ruppia cirrhosa (4.65 pg). With the exception of the C-value estimate for A. caerulescens, which has been listed in the Plant DNA C-values Database, the C-values represent the first estimates for all the examined species. In addition, the C-value for R. cirrhosa is also the first report for the family Ruppiaceae. The investigated halophytes had a smaller genome size compared to other known C-values for species within a particular family and also when compared to the mean values of dicots and monocots. The study also showed that halophylic annuals have a smaller genome size (2.49 pg) than perennial ones (7.45 pg DNA). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0304-3770\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0304-3770\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Nov\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2008\",\n \"Volume\": \"89\",\n \"Issue\": \"4\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"385-389\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.04.009\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000259129400007\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"molecular\",\n \"question\": \"Molecular Data\",\n \"value\": \"Fatty acids\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 1681,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"CH\",\n \"Authors\": \"Debez, A., K. Ben Hamed and C. Abdelly\",\n \"Book Author\": \"H. L. a. M.Mochtchenko\",\n \"Editors\": \"H. L. a. M.Mochtchenko\",\n \"Title\": \"Some physiological and biochemical aspects of salt tolerance in two oleaginous halophytes:Cakile maritima and Crithmum maritimum\",\n \"Source\": \"Tasks for Vegetation Science 38 Cash Crop Halophytes\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Kluwer\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Dordrecht\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1-4020-1202-0\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1-4020-1202-0\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2003\",\n \"Volume\": \"38\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"31-39\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 1032,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Ben Hamed, K., N. Ben Youssef, A. Ranieri, M. Zarrouk and C. Abdelly\",\n \"Title\": \"Changes in content and fatty acid profiles of total lipids and sulfolipids in the halophyte Crithmum maritimum under salt stress\",\n \"Source\": \"Journal of Plant Physiology\",\n \"Abstract\": \"In the halophyte Crithmum maritimum, the sulfolipid content increased considerably in the presence of NaCL There were no significant changes in the total fatty acid composition of sulfolipids during salt treatment, except for linoleic and linolenic acids. In comparison to the control plants, sulfolipids in NaCl-treated plants showed a decrease in the percentage of unsaturated fatty acid (C18:3), and a corresponding increase in the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (08:2). As a whole, the data reported in this work suggest that sulfolipds may be one important aspect of strategies involved in salt tolerance of this halophyte. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0176-1617\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0176-1617\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"May\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2005\",\n \"Volume\": \"162\",\n \"Issue\": \"5\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"599-602\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1016/j.jplph.2004.11.010\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000229770400012\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"microbial\",\n \"question\": \"Microbial interactions and mycorrhizal status\",\n \"value\": \"Unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"bioremediation\",\n \"question\": \"Bioremediation\",\n \"value\": \"Unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"antioxidants\",\n \"question\": \"Antioxidants\",\n \"value\": \"Phenols\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6347,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Ventura, Y., M. Myrzabayeva, Z. Alikulov, R. Omarov, I. Khozin-Goldberg and M. Sagi\",\n \"Title\": \"Effects of salinity on flowering, morphology, biomass accumulation and leaf metabolites in an edible halophyte\",\n \"Source\": \"Aob Plants\",\n \"Abstract\": \"The fresh water shortage in agriculture is an increasing problem worldwide, therefore the possibility of cultivating crops under saline conditions is of high importance. Crithmum maritimum, a halophytic plant naturally found on the rocky coastlines of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, has a long history of human consumption and was recently suggested as a cash crop for biosaline agriculture. In the present study, we compared the responses of different genotypes originating from France, Portugal and Israel to moderate saline irrigation (up to 100 mM NaCl). The genotypes varied greatly in the onset of flowering, their leaf appearance, growth habits and leaf metabolite content. Both Atlantic genotypes (from France and Portugal) flowered earlier than those from the Mediterranean, but the number of inflorescences decreased with salinity. Irrigation with 50 and 100 mM NaCl led to a reduction in biomass production in both the Israeli and the Portuguese genotypes, while the French genotype was found to produce maximumleaf yield at 50 mM NaCl. With increasing salinity, salt was accumulated by the plants, as indicated by increasing electrical conductivities of the leaf extracts. Concomitantly, antioxidant compounds (such as ascorbic acid), total polyphenols and ureides responded to salinity in a genotype-dependent manner; either they increased, decreased or were unaffected. Notably, the total fatty acid concentration increased with salinity in both Mediterranean genotypes, reaching 2.7 and 2.4 % total fatty acids (on a dry weight basis) at 100 mM NaCl. Moreover, the proportion assigned to omega-3 fatty acids in these genotypes was higher than in their Atlantic counterparts at the highest salinity tested. Our results highlight the variations existing among C. maritimum genotypes from different origins regarding salt-induced changes in plant growth, flowering behaviour and leaf metabolites with nutritional value. Thus, genotypic characteristics should be taken into account when evaluating a wild plant species for future crop cultivation.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"2041-2851\",\n \"ISBN\": \"2041-2851\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"2014\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2014\",\n \"Volume\": \"6\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1093/aobpla/plu053\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000344242100028\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 3697,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Meot-Duros, L. and C. Magne\",\n \"Title\": \"Antioxidant activity and phenol content of Crithmum maritimum L. leaves\",\n \"Source\": \"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L) is an edible halophyte with various economical interests because of its high secondary metabolite content. However, little is known about water-soluble compounds in that species. Here, we have studied major solutes in C. maritimum leaves. Among these solutes, carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose) were the most abundant, followed by organic acids (malate and quinate) and a phenolic compound never described in a halophyte before: chlorogenic acid (CGA). Total phenols and chlorogenic acid contents were followed throughout one year, as well as antioxidant activity, in two populations of C. maritimum growing in contrasting habitats: sand hills and cliffs. Sea fennel leaves appeared to be rich in phenolic compounds, particularly in chlorogenic acid. On that point, differences between the two populations were found, sand hill plants accumulating more CGA than those growing on cliffs. Moreover, the former presented a higher radical-scavenging activity, and the two observations were positively correlated. These results indicate that sea fennel can be considered as a valuable source of antioxidant products, especially of chlorogenic acid. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0981-9428\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0981-9428\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Jan\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2009\",\n \"Volume\": \"47\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"37-41\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.09.006\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000262734900006\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"antioxidants\",\n \"question\": \"Antioxidants\",\n \"value\": \"Antioxidant enzymes\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 1028,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Ben Amor, N., K. Ben Hamed, A. Debez, C. Grignon and C. Abdelly\",\n \"Title\": \"Physiological and antioxidant responses of the perennial halophyte Crithmum maritimum to salinity\",\n \"Source\": \"Plant Science\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Physiological behavior and antioxidant responses to salinity were studied in Crithmum maritimum, a local halophyte naturally growing on rocky coasts. The plant growth was significantly improved at moderate salt levels (50 mM NaCl), but was drastically reduced at 200 mM NaCl. The stimulation of biomass production at 50 mM NaCl was associated with enhanced root length and leaf number. Tissue hydration seemed unaffected by salinity, despite Na+ and Cl- were largely accumulated in shoots. The highest salinity (200 mM NaCl) induced mineral nutrition disturbance within the plant shoots, as their Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ concentrations significantly declined. However, C. maritimum displayed high uptake selectivity for the latter. Monitoring lipid peroxidation showed that both root and shoot malonyldialdehyde (MDA) contents of plants cultivated at the optimal salt concentration (50 mM NaCl) were lower than control ones. This was related to enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, like superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.111.1.6), and peroxidase (EC 1.111.1.7), especially in shoots. The limitation of the plant growth at 200 mM NaCl was concomitant with lesser efficiency of these protective enzymes, but MDA levels in both roots and shoots remained close to control ones. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0168-9452\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0168-9452\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Apr\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2005\",\n \"Volume\": \"168\",\n \"Issue\": \"4\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"889-899\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.11.002\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000227537400004\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 1033,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Ben Hamed, K., A. Castagna, E. Salem, A. Ranieri and C. Abdelly\",\n \"Title\": \"Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) under salinity conditions: a comparison of leaf and root antioxidant responses\",\n \"Source\": \"Plant Growth Regulation\",\n \"Abstract\": \"The present study was carried out to compare the effect of NaCl on growth, cell membrane damage, and antioxidant defences in the halophyte Crithmum maritimum L. (sea fennel). Physiological and biochemical changes were investigated under control (0 mM NaCl) and saline conditions (100 and 300 mM NaCl). Biomass and growth of roots were more sensitive to NaCl than leaves. Roots were distinguished from leaves by increased electrolyte leakage and high malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were lower in the roots than in the leaves of control plants. The different activity patterns of antioxidant enzymes in response to 100 and 300 mM NaCl indicated that leaves and roots reacted differently to salt stress. Leaf CAT, APX and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were lowest at 300 mM NaCl, but they were unaffected by 100 mM NaCl. Only SOD activity was reduced in the latter treatment. Root SOD activity was significantly decreased in response to 300 mM NaCl and root APX activity was significantly higher in plants treated with 100 and 300 mM compared to the controls. The other activities in roots were insensitive to salt. The concentration of AA decreased in leaves at 100 and 300 mM NaCl, and in roots at 300 mM NaCl, when compared to control plants. The concentrations of GSH in NaCl-treated leaves and roots were not significantly different from the controls. In both organs, AA and GSH were predominating in the total pool in ascorbic acid and glutathione, under control or saline conditions.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0167-6903\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0167-6903\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Dec\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2007\",\n \"Volume\": \"53\",\n \"Issue\": \"3\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"185-194\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1007/s10725-007-9217-8\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000250381300005\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 8726,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Karim, B. H., M. Christian and A. Chedly\",\n \"Title\": \"Antioxidant Enzyme Activities as a Tool to Discriminate Ecotypes of Crithmum maritimum L. Differing in Their Capacity to Withstand Salinity\",\n \"Source\": \"Water Stress\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"2011\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2011\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"165-178\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000384663700010\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"secondary_metabolites\",\n \"question\": \"Secondary Metabolites\",\n \"value\": \"Falcarindiol\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 1303,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Buhmann, A. and J. Papenbrock\",\n \"Title\": \"Biofiltering of aquaculture effluents by halophytic plants: Basic principles, current uses and future perspectives\",\n \"Source\": \"Environmental and Experimental Botany\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Constructed wetlands\\r\\nHalophytes\\r\\nHydroponic systems\\r\\nMarine aquaculture\\r\\neffluents\\r\\nNutrients\\r\\nshrimp farm effluent\\r\\ncoastal salt-marsh\\r\\naster-tripolium l\\r\\nfish cage\\r\\nfarm\\r\\nconstructed wetlands\\r\\nwaste-water\\r\\nmangrove forests\\r\\nsalicornia-bigelovii\\r\\nsaline aquaculture\\r\\npond effluents\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Halophytes comprise a promising group of plants for different applications due to their special physiological characteristics and biochemical composition. Their ability to grow in salt-affected habitats makes them useful for recycling the nutrient-containing effluents from saline aquacultures. The potential of different halophytes for nutrient uptake and remediation has been investigated in several laboratory and field studies and the application of natural and constructed wetlands. Various factors influence the filtration capacity of a halophyte biofilter for aquaculture effluents, such as salinity, flooding, nutrient level, root characteristics and technical applications. Those effects studied so far are characterized and those in need of further study are outlined. Technical aspects in artificial wetlands such as water flow direction, water level, hydraulic retention time and hydraulic loading rate, influence the transformation of the nutrients within the wetland and their uptake by the plants. Open as well as re-circulating systems are considered. Because soil processes are lacking, the application of hydroponic culture shifts the importance of nutrient removal toward plant uptake. This is important when besides the pure nutrient removal the recycling of the nutrients become a focus in terms of sustainability. The economic feasibility, including different utilization possibilities, of selected halophytes with filtering capacities is delineated. The economic attractiveness of a halophytic biofilter can also be upgraded by the use of salt-tolerant species with a commercial value. Modularized versions of waste water treatments by plants in temperate and tropic regions could help to reduce the nutrient load in the bodies of water and to recycle the nutrients. More effort is needed to determine the specific nutrient removal mechanisms within different types of wetlands planted with halophytes and to point out appropriate halophyte species and wetland conditions for different applications. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Buhmann, Anne; Papenbrock, Jutta] Inst Bot, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\nPapenbrock, J (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Bot, Herrenhauserstr 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\nJutta.Papenbrock@botanik.uni-hannover.de\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0098-8472\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0098-8472\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"Environ. Exp. Bot.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Aug\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2013\",\n \"Volume\": \"92\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"122-133\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.07.005\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000320678600012\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 8720,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Cunsolo, F., G. Ruberto, V. Amico and M. Piattelli\",\n \"Title\": \"BIOACTIVE METABOLITES FROM SICILIAN MARINE FENNEL, CRITHMUM-MARITIMUM\",\n \"Source\": \"Journal of Natural Products\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the lipid extract of Crithmum maritimum using the brine shrimp lethality assay led to the isolation of three bioactive compounds. Two of these are known C-17 polyacetylenic metabolites, falcarinol [1] and falcarindiol [2], previously isolated from several species of the Umbelliferae and Araliaceae. The third active principle was identified as O-geranylvanillin [3], an aromatic ether described in the literature as a synthetic compound but unknown as a natural product. Cytotoxic activity of the pure compounds was significant for 1 and 2, much less intense for 3.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0163-3864\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0163-3864\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Sep\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1993\",\n \"Volume\": \"56\",\n \"Issue\": \"9\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"1598-1600\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1021/np50099a022\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1993MB18500022\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 3694,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Meot-Duros, L., S. Cerantola, H. Talarmin, C. Le Meur, G. Le Floch and C. Magne\",\n \"Title\": \"New antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of falcarindiol isolated in Crithmum maritimum L. leaf extract\",\n \"Source\": \"Food and Chemical Toxicology\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Bioassay-guided fractionation of a chloroformic extract obtained from Cirthmum maritimum leaves led to the chemical isolation of falcarindiol. a polyacetylene widely distributed within the Apiaceae family Structure of this compound was confirmed by NMR and activity was tracked using a screening microplate bioassay. Falcarindiol strongly inhibited the growth of Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus. with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 50 mu g ml(-1) Moreover, this compound showed cytotoxicity against IEC-6 cells with an IC(50) value of 20 mu M after 48 h of exposition. These results suggest that Crithmum maritimum could be potentially used in food manufactures and cosmetology as preservative agents and biopesticides, or in medicine as new antibiotics, confirming the interest in studying halophytic species as sources of bioactive compounds. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0278-6915\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0278-6915\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Feb\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2010\",\n \"Volume\": \"48\",\n \"Issue\": \"2\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"553-557\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.031\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000275007700016\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"secondary_metabolites\",\n \"question\": \"Secondary Metabolites\",\n \"value\": \"Epigallocatechin \",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6080,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Buhmann, A. and J. Papenbrock\",\n \"Title\": \"An economic point of view of secondary compounds in halophytes\",\n \"Source\": \"Functional Plant Biology\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Nutraceuticals\\r\\noxidative stress\\r\\npharmacology\\r\\nSalicornia\\r\\nsalinity\\r\\ntechnical applications\\r\\ncrithmum-maritimum l.\\r\\nmesembryanthemum-edule l\\r\\ntotal phenolic content\\r\\nantioxidant activity\\r\\nsalicornia-herbacea\\r\\nfatty-acids\\r\\nantimicrobial\\r\\nactivities\\r\\nsesuvium-portulacastrum\\r\\nbiological-activities\\r\\npolyphenol\\r\\ncontent\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Salt tolerance of halophytes relies on several strategies, among them, the production of species-specific secondary metabolites. Chemically, a broad variety of secondary compounds of economic interest is present in halophytes. Several of these secondary compounds are restricted to halophytic species or are found in higher concentrations than in glycophytes. For their exploitation, optimal plant cultivation conditions and extraction, fractionation and isolation processes need to be identified. On the one hand, the function of single compounds can be more precisely determined and controlled; on the other hand the mixture of compounds in crude extracts might have synergistic effects. Also, different plant organs and plants in different developmental stages contain highly varying amounts and compositions of secondary compounds. Secondary compounds from halophytes have potential uses in various fields such as pharmacognosy, functional foods, nutraceuticals and technical implementations. Many of the potential applications are still in the research and development phase; some products are already on the market. We describe and evaluate the economic potential of several halophytes such as Salicornia spp. and Crithmum maritimum containing valuable compounds used in different applications.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Buhmann, Anne; Papenbrock, Jutta] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Bot, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\nPapenbrock, J (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Bot, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\njutta.papenbrock@botanik.uni-hannover.de\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1445-4408\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1445-4408\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"Funct. Plant Biol.\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2013\",\n \"Volume\": \"40\",\n \"Issue\": \"8-9\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"952-967\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1071/fp12342\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000322672000017\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"secondary_metabolites\",\n \"question\": \"Secondary Metabolites\",\n \"value\": \"Quercetin glycoside\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6080,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Buhmann, A. and J. Papenbrock\",\n \"Title\": \"An economic point of view of secondary compounds in halophytes\",\n \"Source\": \"Functional Plant Biology\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Nutraceuticals\\r\\noxidative stress\\r\\npharmacology\\r\\nSalicornia\\r\\nsalinity\\r\\ntechnical applications\\r\\ncrithmum-maritimum l.\\r\\nmesembryanthemum-edule l\\r\\ntotal phenolic content\\r\\nantioxidant activity\\r\\nsalicornia-herbacea\\r\\nfatty-acids\\r\\nantimicrobial\\r\\nactivities\\r\\nsesuvium-portulacastrum\\r\\nbiological-activities\\r\\npolyphenol\\r\\ncontent\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Salt tolerance of halophytes relies on several strategies, among them, the production of species-specific secondary metabolites. Chemically, a broad variety of secondary compounds of economic interest is present in halophytes. Several of these secondary compounds are restricted to halophytic species or are found in higher concentrations than in glycophytes. For their exploitation, optimal plant cultivation conditions and extraction, fractionation and isolation processes need to be identified. On the one hand, the function of single compounds can be more precisely determined and controlled; on the other hand the mixture of compounds in crude extracts might have synergistic effects. Also, different plant organs and plants in different developmental stages contain highly varying amounts and compositions of secondary compounds. Secondary compounds from halophytes have potential uses in various fields such as pharmacognosy, functional foods, nutraceuticals and technical implementations. Many of the potential applications are still in the research and development phase; some products are already on the market. We describe and evaluate the economic potential of several halophytes such as Salicornia spp. and Crithmum maritimum containing valuable compounds used in different applications.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Buhmann, Anne; Papenbrock, Jutta] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Bot, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\nPapenbrock, J (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Bot, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\njutta.papenbrock@botanik.uni-hannover.de\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1445-4408\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1445-4408\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"Funct. Plant Biol.\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2013\",\n \"Volume\": \"40\",\n \"Issue\": \"8-9\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"952-967\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1071/fp12342\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000322672000017\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"secondary_metabolites\",\n \"question\": \"Secondary Metabolites\",\n \"value\": \"Chlorogenic acid\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6080,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Buhmann, A. and J. Papenbrock\",\n \"Title\": \"An economic point of view of secondary compounds in halophytes\",\n \"Source\": \"Functional Plant Biology\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Nutraceuticals\\r\\noxidative stress\\r\\npharmacology\\r\\nSalicornia\\r\\nsalinity\\r\\ntechnical applications\\r\\ncrithmum-maritimum l.\\r\\nmesembryanthemum-edule l\\r\\ntotal phenolic content\\r\\nantioxidant activity\\r\\nsalicornia-herbacea\\r\\nfatty-acids\\r\\nantimicrobial\\r\\nactivities\\r\\nsesuvium-portulacastrum\\r\\nbiological-activities\\r\\npolyphenol\\r\\ncontent\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Salt tolerance of halophytes relies on several strategies, among them, the production of species-specific secondary metabolites. Chemically, a broad variety of secondary compounds of economic interest is present in halophytes. Several of these secondary compounds are restricted to halophytic species or are found in higher concentrations than in glycophytes. For their exploitation, optimal plant cultivation conditions and extraction, fractionation and isolation processes need to be identified. On the one hand, the function of single compounds can be more precisely determined and controlled; on the other hand the mixture of compounds in crude extracts might have synergistic effects. Also, different plant organs and plants in different developmental stages contain highly varying amounts and compositions of secondary compounds. Secondary compounds from halophytes have potential uses in various fields such as pharmacognosy, functional foods, nutraceuticals and technical implementations. Many of the potential applications are still in the research and development phase; some products are already on the market. We describe and evaluate the economic potential of several halophytes such as Salicornia spp. and Crithmum maritimum containing valuable compounds used in different applications.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Buhmann, Anne; Papenbrock, Jutta] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Bot, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\nPapenbrock, J (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Bot, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\njutta.papenbrock@botanik.uni-hannover.de\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1445-4408\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1445-4408\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"Funct. Plant Biol.\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2013\",\n \"Volume\": \"40\",\n \"Issue\": \"8-9\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"952-967\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1071/fp12342\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000322672000017\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"secondary_metabolites\",\n \"question\": \"Secondary Metabolites\",\n \"value\": \"Vanillic acid\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6080,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Buhmann, A. and J. Papenbrock\",\n \"Title\": \"An economic point of view of secondary compounds in halophytes\",\n \"Source\": \"Functional Plant Biology\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Nutraceuticals\\r\\noxidative stress\\r\\npharmacology\\r\\nSalicornia\\r\\nsalinity\\r\\ntechnical applications\\r\\ncrithmum-maritimum l.\\r\\nmesembryanthemum-edule l\\r\\ntotal phenolic content\\r\\nantioxidant activity\\r\\nsalicornia-herbacea\\r\\nfatty-acids\\r\\nantimicrobial\\r\\nactivities\\r\\nsesuvium-portulacastrum\\r\\nbiological-activities\\r\\npolyphenol\\r\\ncontent\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Salt tolerance of halophytes relies on several strategies, among them, the production of species-specific secondary metabolites. Chemically, a broad variety of secondary compounds of economic interest is present in halophytes. Several of these secondary compounds are restricted to halophytic species or are found in higher concentrations than in glycophytes. For their exploitation, optimal plant cultivation conditions and extraction, fractionation and isolation processes need to be identified. On the one hand, the function of single compounds can be more precisely determined and controlled; on the other hand the mixture of compounds in crude extracts might have synergistic effects. Also, different plant organs and plants in different developmental stages contain highly varying amounts and compositions of secondary compounds. Secondary compounds from halophytes have potential uses in various fields such as pharmacognosy, functional foods, nutraceuticals and technical implementations. Many of the potential applications are still in the research and development phase; some products are already on the market. We describe and evaluate the economic potential of several halophytes such as Salicornia spp. and Crithmum maritimum containing valuable compounds used in different applications.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Buhmann, Anne; Papenbrock, Jutta] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Bot, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\nPapenbrock, J (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Bot, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\njutta.papenbrock@botanik.uni-hannover.de\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1445-4408\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1445-4408\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"Funct. Plant Biol.\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2013\",\n \"Volume\": \"40\",\n \"Issue\": \"8-9\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"952-967\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1071/fp12342\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000322672000017\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"secondary_metabolites\",\n \"question\": \"Secondary Metabolites\",\n \"value\": \"Flavonoids\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6080,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Buhmann, A. and J. Papenbrock\",\n \"Title\": \"An economic point of view of secondary compounds in halophytes\",\n \"Source\": \"Functional Plant Biology\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Nutraceuticals\\r\\noxidative stress\\r\\npharmacology\\r\\nSalicornia\\r\\nsalinity\\r\\ntechnical applications\\r\\ncrithmum-maritimum l.\\r\\nmesembryanthemum-edule l\\r\\ntotal phenolic content\\r\\nantioxidant activity\\r\\nsalicornia-herbacea\\r\\nfatty-acids\\r\\nantimicrobial\\r\\nactivities\\r\\nsesuvium-portulacastrum\\r\\nbiological-activities\\r\\npolyphenol\\r\\ncontent\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Salt tolerance of halophytes relies on several strategies, among them, the production of species-specific secondary metabolites. Chemically, a broad variety of secondary compounds of economic interest is present in halophytes. Several of these secondary compounds are restricted to halophytic species or are found in higher concentrations than in glycophytes. For their exploitation, optimal plant cultivation conditions and extraction, fractionation and isolation processes need to be identified. On the one hand, the function of single compounds can be more precisely determined and controlled; on the other hand the mixture of compounds in crude extracts might have synergistic effects. Also, different plant organs and plants in different developmental stages contain highly varying amounts and compositions of secondary compounds. Secondary compounds from halophytes have potential uses in various fields such as pharmacognosy, functional foods, nutraceuticals and technical implementations. Many of the potential applications are still in the research and development phase; some products are already on the market. We describe and evaluate the economic potential of several halophytes such as Salicornia spp. and Crithmum maritimum containing valuable compounds used in different applications.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Buhmann, Anne; Papenbrock, Jutta] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Bot, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\nPapenbrock, J (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Bot, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.\\r\\njutta.papenbrock@botanik.uni-hannover.de\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1445-4408\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1445-4408\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"Funct. Plant Biol.\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2013\",\n \"Volume\": \"40\",\n \"Issue\": \"8-9\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"952-967\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1071/fp12342\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000322672000017\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 1543,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Cornara, L., C. D'Arrigo, F. Pioli, B. Borghesi, C. Bottino, E. Patrone and M. G. Mariotti\",\n \"Title\": \"Micromorphological investigation on the leaves of the rock samphire (Crithmum maritimum L.): Occurrence of hesperidin and diosmin crystals\",\n \"Source\": \"Plant Biosystems\",\n \"Abstract\": \"A micromorphological study was carried out on Crithmum maritimum L. (rock samphire), a halophyte belonging to the Apiaceae and used in folk medicine. The study led to the finding of relevant amounts of two closely related flavonoids, namely diosmin and hesperidin, which attract increasing interest for their biological properties. Anatomical investigations of leaf tissue showed the presence of needle-shaped crystals forming plumose clusters, mainly located close to, or within, vascular bundles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis provided a more detailed morphological characterization of crystals, while the absence of mineral elements in their composition was assessed by SEM-EDX. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of leaf tissue was conducted to detect hesperidin and diosmin and to quantify their amounts. SEM analysis of two Rutaceae plants rich in hesperidin and diosmin, i.e., Citrus limon and Barosma betulina, revealed the same plumose crystals found in C. maritimum, while in these plants the two flavonoids were also quantified by HPLC. The data clearly indicate the occurrence of hesperidin and diosmin crystals in C. maritimum leaves, thus providing a scientific basis for an exploitation of this plant in saline agriculture, as a crop or source of bioactive phytocompounds.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1126-3504\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1126-3504\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"2009\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2009\",\n \"Volume\": \"143\",\n \"Issue\": \"2\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"283-292\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1080/11263500902722527\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000272170900007\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"compatible_solutes\",\n \"question\": \"Compatible Solutes\",\n \"value\": \"Proline\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 8406,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Boestfleisch, C. and J. Papenbrock\",\n \"Title\": \"Changes in secondary metabolites in the halophytic putative crop species Crithmum maritimum L., Triglochin maritima L. and Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen as reaction to mild salinity\",\n \"Source\": \"Plos One\",\n \"Abstract\": \"It is assumed that salinity enhances the concentration of valuable metabolites in halophytes. The objective was to find a salt concentration and a point in time at which the yield for the valuable metabolites was maximal. Therefore, three different halophyte species were grown under different salinities and harvested over a period from shortly after stress induction up to three weeks. Various reaction patterns were found in the metabolite composition of the analyzed plant material. Halimione portulacoides showed a \\\"short term response\\\", indicated by an increase in all metabolites analyzed after a few hours, whereas Crithmum maritimum showed a \\\"long term response\\\" through accumulation of proline starting after days. Triglochin maritima did not change in metabolite concentration, but like the other plant species the biomass was reduced by salinity. Generally, a higher production in secondary metabolites by higher salinity was outbalanced by a reduction in biomass production. Concentrations of analyzed antioxidants showed a similar reaction and correlated with each other.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1932-6203\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1932-6203\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Apr 25\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2017\",\n \"Volume\": \"12\",\n \"Issue\": \"4\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0176303\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000400308800041\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"habitat\",\n \"question\": \"Habitat\",\n \"value\": \"B3.26 Mediterraneo-Pontic sea-cliffs and rocky shores\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"economic_use\",\n \"question\": \"Economic Use\",\n \"value\": \"0100.0 Vegetables and fruits\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 8175,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Renna, M., M. Gonnella, S. Caretto, G. Mita and F. Serio\",\n \"Title\": \"Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.): from underutilized crop to new dried product for food use\",\n \"Source\": \"Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Aromatic herb\\r\\nColouring power\\r\\nCrithmum maritimum L.\\r\\nExploitation\\r\\nHalophyte\\r\\nSensory evaluation\\r\\ncultivated plants\\r\\nvascular flora\\r\\ncoast apulia\\r\\nquality\\r\\nmicrowave\\r\\nwild\\r\\ncolor\\r\\nchecklist\\r\\nfresh\\r\\nareas\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a perennial halophyte species typical of coastal ecosystems, used fresh in traditional cuisine and folk medicine due to its sensory properties and a good content of healthy compounds. Although considered as a promising biosaline crop, this halophyte is underutilized for commercial cultivation possibly due to a shortage of its consumer demand. For promoting a full exploitation of this species, a new food product was obtained by drying sea fennel using different treatments (air-drying, microwave-drying, microwave-assisted air-drying and freeze-drying). Water activity, essential oil content, chlorophylls, surface colour, colouring power and sensory evaluation were analyzed. All drying treatments allow to obtain a good water activity but significantly reduced the content of essential oils and chlorophylls. Freeze-drying and microwaving preserved the surface colour parameters more than other drying treatments, while freeze-drying gave the product the best colouring power. Based on sensory analysis, microwave-drying, microwave-assisted air-drying and freeze-drying showed the highest scores among the drying methods. Taken together the results indicate that microwaving and freeze-drying are optimal for preserving qualitative traits, including organoleptic properties, in dried sea fennel for food use. Furthermore, dried sea fennel can be usefully exploited in human food not only for its aromatic traits but also for its food colouring power like other plant derived natural colorants. It could be concluded that this underutilized crop could play a better role for making up a sustainable food production system.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Renna, Massimiliano] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Gonnella, Maria; Caretto, Sofia; Mita, Giovanni; Serio, Francesco] CNR Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Sci Food Prod, Via G Amendola 122-O, I-70126 Lecce, Italy.\\r\\nRenna, M (reprint author), Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy.\\r\\nmassimiliano.renna@uniba.it\",\n \"ResearcherID Number\": \"SERIO, FRANCESCO/F-8547-2012; /X-8440-2018; Caretto, Sofia/B-8935-2015; Mita, Giovanni/B-6575-2015\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0925-9864\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0925-9864\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Jan\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2017\",\n \"Volume\": \"64\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"205-216\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"216\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1007/s10722-016-0472-2\",\n \"Page Count\": \"12\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000392323800015\",\n \"userid\": 11,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"economic_use\",\n \"question\": \"Economic Use\",\n \"value\": \"7000.0 MEDICAL\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 3694,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Meot-Duros, L., S. Cerantola, H. Talarmin, C. Le Meur, G. Le Floch and C. Magne\",\n \"Title\": \"New antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of falcarindiol isolated in Crithmum maritimum L. leaf extract\",\n \"Source\": \"Food and Chemical Toxicology\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Bioassay-guided fractionation of a chloroformic extract obtained from Cirthmum maritimum leaves led to the chemical isolation of falcarindiol. a polyacetylene widely distributed within the Apiaceae family Structure of this compound was confirmed by NMR and activity was tracked using a screening microplate bioassay. Falcarindiol strongly inhibited the growth of Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus. with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 50 mu g ml(-1) Moreover, this compound showed cytotoxicity against IEC-6 cells with an IC(50) value of 20 mu M after 48 h of exposition. These results suggest that Crithmum maritimum could be potentially used in food manufactures and cosmetology as preservative agents and biopesticides, or in medicine as new antibiotics, confirming the interest in studying halophytic species as sources of bioactive compounds. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0278-6915\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0278-6915\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Feb\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2010\",\n \"Volume\": \"48\",\n \"Issue\": \"2\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"553-557\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.031\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000275007700016\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 8720,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Cunsolo, F., G. Ruberto, V. Amico and M. Piattelli\",\n \"Title\": \"BIOACTIVE METABOLITES FROM SICILIAN MARINE FENNEL, CRITHMUM-MARITIMUM\",\n \"Source\": \"Journal of Natural Products\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the lipid extract of Crithmum maritimum using the brine shrimp lethality assay led to the isolation of three bioactive compounds. Two of these are known C-17 polyacetylenic metabolites, falcarinol [1] and falcarindiol [2], previously isolated from several species of the Umbelliferae and Araliaceae. The third active principle was identified as O-geranylvanillin [3], an aromatic ether described in the literature as a synthetic compound but unknown as a natural product. Cytotoxic activity of the pure compounds was significant for 1 and 2, much less intense for 3.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0163-3864\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0163-3864\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Sep\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1993\",\n \"Volume\": \"56\",\n \"Issue\": \"9\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"1598-1600\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1021/np50099a022\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1993MB18500022\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"economic_use\",\n \"question\": \"Economic Use\",\n \"value\": \"1300.0 Cosmetics; see also 8511.0 Cosmetic essential oils, CHEMICAlS\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 13743,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Ozcan, Mehmet Musa\",\n \"Title\": \"A Review - Composition, bioactive properties and using as food of sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.)\",\n \"Source\": \"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ARZNEI- & GEWURZPFLANZEN\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Sea fennel; Crithmum maritimum L.; composition; using; phenolic compounds; antimicrobial; antioxidant activity; healing effect\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1431-9292\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2020\",\n \"Volume\": \"25\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"9\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"14\",\n \"Page Count\": \"6\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000540874600003\",\n \"userid\": 11,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-04-01T20:13:32.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 1521,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Coiffard, L., A. Alliot and M. Piron\",\n \"Title\": \"FATTY-ACIDS COMPOSITION OF CRITHMUM-MARITIMUM L\",\n \"Source\": \"Annales Des Sciences Naturelles-Botanique Et Biologie Vegetale\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Crithmum maritimum L. (Apiaceae), the only species of the genus Crithmum >>, is a halophyte and chasmophyte apiaceous plant which grows on all the world's coastlines, but is particulary abundant in french coastal regions. Its therapeutic properties were already known in ancient times, but over the centuries its use decreased. Nowadays, its popularity is growing again, above all, its used in cosmetic. So we studied the fatty acid content of the leafy stalks of Crithmum maritimum L. because they play a capital role in permeability regulation of cell membrane on one hand and on the other hand in keratinisation troubles. Analysis of fatty acid was carried out by Gas Chromatography after a previous transesterification by ZARROUK's method (1981). The total lipid content is about 1.7 % dry weight whatever the geographical origin and the season. Eight fatty acid were identified, the more abundant is the linolenic acid (33.6 %), the second is the linoleic acid (18.2 %) and weaker proportion the palmitic acid (12.4).\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0003-4320\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0003-4320\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"1991\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1991\",\n \"Volume\": \"11\",\n \"Issue\": \"3\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"85-88\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1991JD85500001\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"economic_use\",\n \"question\": \"Economic Use\",\n \"value\": \"0310.0 Oilseed\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 8175,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Renna, M., M. Gonnella, S. Caretto, G. Mita and F. Serio\",\n \"Title\": \"Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.): from underutilized crop to new dried product for food use\",\n \"Source\": \"Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Aromatic herb\\r\\nColouring power\\r\\nCrithmum maritimum L.\\r\\nExploitation\\r\\nHalophyte\\r\\nSensory evaluation\\r\\ncultivated plants\\r\\nvascular flora\\r\\ncoast apulia\\r\\nquality\\r\\nmicrowave\\r\\nwild\\r\\ncolor\\r\\nchecklist\\r\\nfresh\\r\\nareas\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a perennial halophyte species typical of coastal ecosystems, used fresh in traditional cuisine and folk medicine due to its sensory properties and a good content of healthy compounds. Although considered as a promising biosaline crop, this halophyte is underutilized for commercial cultivation possibly due to a shortage of its consumer demand. For promoting a full exploitation of this species, a new food product was obtained by drying sea fennel using different treatments (air-drying, microwave-drying, microwave-assisted air-drying and freeze-drying). Water activity, essential oil content, chlorophylls, surface colour, colouring power and sensory evaluation were analyzed. All drying treatments allow to obtain a good water activity but significantly reduced the content of essential oils and chlorophylls. Freeze-drying and microwaving preserved the surface colour parameters more than other drying treatments, while freeze-drying gave the product the best colouring power. Based on sensory analysis, microwave-drying, microwave-assisted air-drying and freeze-drying showed the highest scores among the drying methods. Taken together the results indicate that microwaving and freeze-drying are optimal for preserving qualitative traits, including organoleptic properties, in dried sea fennel for food use. Furthermore, dried sea fennel can be usefully exploited in human food not only for its aromatic traits but also for its food colouring power like other plant derived natural colorants. It could be concluded that this underutilized crop could play a better role for making up a sustainable food production system.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Renna, Massimiliano] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Gonnella, Maria; Caretto, Sofia; Mita, Giovanni; Serio, Francesco] CNR Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Sci Food Prod, Via G Amendola 122-O, I-70126 Lecce, Italy.\\r\\nRenna, M (reprint author), Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy.\\r\\nmassimiliano.renna@uniba.it\",\n \"ResearcherID Number\": \"SERIO, FRANCESCO/F-8547-2012; /X-8440-2018; Caretto, Sofia/B-8935-2015; Mita, Giovanni/B-6575-2015\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0925-9864\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0925-9864\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Jan\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2017\",\n \"Volume\": \"64\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"205-216\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"216\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1007/s10722-016-0472-2\",\n \"Page Count\": \"12\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000392323800015\",\n \"userid\": 11,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 801,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Atia, A., A. Debez, Z. Barhoumi, C. Abdelly and A. Smaoui\",\n \"Title\": \"Localization and composition of seed oils of Crithmum maritimum L. (Apiaceae)\",\n \"Source\": \"African Journal of Biotechnology\",\n \"Abstract\": \"The use of some halophytes for rehabilitation of salt affected area has been reported. Crithmum maritimum L. halophyte and apiaceae can tolerate high levels of salt. Their seed was endospermic and had a suitable size for oil extraction. The aim of this report is to localize the lipids in the seed and determine their oils composition. The results showed that the lipids were accumulated in endosperm tissue as oil globoids. The percentage of oils was 44.4% dry weight basis. The C. maritimum L. seed oil was rich with oleic acid (78.6%), low level of palmitic acid (4.8%) and non negligible amount of linoleic acid (15.4%). This composition is similar to olive oil and canola oil. These results confirmed the good quality of C. maritimum L. seed oils.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1684-5315\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1684-5315\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Sep 27\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2010\",\n \"Volume\": \"9\",\n \"Issue\": \"39\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"6482-6485\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000282278000005\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 798,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Atia, A., Z. Barhoumi, R. Mokded, C. Abdelly and A. Smaoui\",\n \"Title\": \"Environmental eco-physiology and economical potential of the halophyte Crithmum maritimum L. (Apiaceae)\",\n \"Source\": \"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research\",\n \"Abstract\": \"The present contribution reviews information on Crithmum maritimum L., a facultative halophyte belonging to the Apiaceae family and typical of coastal ecosystems. It grows wild on maritime rocks, piers, breakwaters and sandy beaches along the Mediterranean, Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Its propagation by germination, vegetative multiplication and the in vitro culture techniques is quite easy. Salinities exceeding 50 mM NaCl inhibit seed germination but seem without impact on seed viability. At the vegetative stage, growth was stimulated by low salinity but was markedly reduced at high levels of salt without any symptoms of toxicity. C. maritimum L. has been largely used for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The plant is also edible and it is consumed in the traditional diet of the first European farmers, as a potent source of minerals, vitamin C, essential oils and other biomolecules. The fruit of C. maritimum L. is rich in lipids (about 44% on dry weight basis) with oleic acid as major component (78.6% of the total fatty acids). All these features make this species one of the most promising halophytes in the context of biosaline agriculture.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1996-0875\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1996-0875\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Aug 18\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2011\",\n \"Volume\": \"5\",\n \"Issue\": \"16\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"3564-3571\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000297463900001\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"economic_use\",\n \"question\": \"Economic Use\",\n \"value\": \"7100.0 General Including Traditional medicines\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 8175,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Renna, M., M. Gonnella, S. Caretto, G. Mita and F. Serio\",\n \"Title\": \"Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.): from underutilized crop to new dried product for food use\",\n \"Source\": \"Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Aromatic herb\\r\\nColouring power\\r\\nCrithmum maritimum L.\\r\\nExploitation\\r\\nHalophyte\\r\\nSensory evaluation\\r\\ncultivated plants\\r\\nvascular flora\\r\\ncoast apulia\\r\\nquality\\r\\nmicrowave\\r\\nwild\\r\\ncolor\\r\\nchecklist\\r\\nfresh\\r\\nareas\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a perennial halophyte species typical of coastal ecosystems, used fresh in traditional cuisine and folk medicine due to its sensory properties and a good content of healthy compounds. Although considered as a promising biosaline crop, this halophyte is underutilized for commercial cultivation possibly due to a shortage of its consumer demand. For promoting a full exploitation of this species, a new food product was obtained by drying sea fennel using different treatments (air-drying, microwave-drying, microwave-assisted air-drying and freeze-drying). Water activity, essential oil content, chlorophylls, surface colour, colouring power and sensory evaluation were analyzed. All drying treatments allow to obtain a good water activity but significantly reduced the content of essential oils and chlorophylls. Freeze-drying and microwaving preserved the surface colour parameters more than other drying treatments, while freeze-drying gave the product the best colouring power. Based on sensory analysis, microwave-drying, microwave-assisted air-drying and freeze-drying showed the highest scores among the drying methods. Taken together the results indicate that microwaving and freeze-drying are optimal for preserving qualitative traits, including organoleptic properties, in dried sea fennel for food use. Furthermore, dried sea fennel can be usefully exploited in human food not only for its aromatic traits but also for its food colouring power like other plant derived natural colorants. It could be concluded that this underutilized crop could play a better role for making up a sustainable food production system.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Renna, Massimiliano] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Gonnella, Maria; Caretto, Sofia; Mita, Giovanni; Serio, Francesco] CNR Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Sci Food Prod, Via G Amendola 122-O, I-70126 Lecce, Italy.\\r\\nRenna, M (reprint author), Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy.\\r\\nmassimiliano.renna@uniba.it\",\n \"ResearcherID Number\": \"SERIO, FRANCESCO/F-8547-2012; /X-8440-2018; Caretto, Sofia/B-8935-2015; Mita, Giovanni/B-6575-2015\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0925-9864\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0925-9864\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Jan\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2017\",\n \"Volume\": \"64\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"205-216\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"216\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1007/s10722-016-0472-2\",\n \"Page Count\": \"12\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000392323800015\",\n \"userid\": 11,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"shoreline near Mola di Bari (41\\u00030300100N 17\\u00030604500E) (Southern Italy) \",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 8175,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Renna, M., M. Gonnella, S. Caretto, G. Mita and F. Serio\",\n \"Title\": \"Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.): from underutilized crop to new dried product for food use\",\n \"Source\": \"Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Aromatic herb\\r\\nColouring power\\r\\nCrithmum maritimum L.\\r\\nExploitation\\r\\nHalophyte\\r\\nSensory evaluation\\r\\ncultivated plants\\r\\nvascular flora\\r\\ncoast apulia\\r\\nquality\\r\\nmicrowave\\r\\nwild\\r\\ncolor\\r\\nchecklist\\r\\nfresh\\r\\nareas\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a perennial halophyte species typical of coastal ecosystems, used fresh in traditional cuisine and folk medicine due to its sensory properties and a good content of healthy compounds. Although considered as a promising biosaline crop, this halophyte is underutilized for commercial cultivation possibly due to a shortage of its consumer demand. For promoting a full exploitation of this species, a new food product was obtained by drying sea fennel using different treatments (air-drying, microwave-drying, microwave-assisted air-drying and freeze-drying). Water activity, essential oil content, chlorophylls, surface colour, colouring power and sensory evaluation were analyzed. All drying treatments allow to obtain a good water activity but significantly reduced the content of essential oils and chlorophylls. Freeze-drying and microwaving preserved the surface colour parameters more than other drying treatments, while freeze-drying gave the product the best colouring power. Based on sensory analysis, microwave-drying, microwave-assisted air-drying and freeze-drying showed the highest scores among the drying methods. Taken together the results indicate that microwaving and freeze-drying are optimal for preserving qualitative traits, including organoleptic properties, in dried sea fennel for food use. Furthermore, dried sea fennel can be usefully exploited in human food not only for its aromatic traits but also for its food colouring power like other plant derived natural colorants. It could be concluded that this underutilized crop could play a better role for making up a sustainable food production system.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Renna, Massimiliano] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Gonnella, Maria; Caretto, Sofia; Mita, Giovanni; Serio, Francesco] CNR Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Sci Food Prod, Via G Amendola 122-O, I-70126 Lecce, Italy.\\r\\nRenna, M (reprint author), Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy.\\r\\nmassimiliano.renna@uniba.it\",\n \"ResearcherID Number\": \"SERIO, FRANCESCO/F-8547-2012; /X-8440-2018; Caretto, Sofia/B-8935-2015; Mita, Giovanni/B-6575-2015\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0925-9864\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0925-9864\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Jan\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2017\",\n \"Volume\": \"64\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"205-216\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"216\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1007/s10722-016-0472-2\",\n \"Page Count\": \"12\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000392323800015\",\n \"userid\": 11,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Europe \"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"misc\",\n \"question\": \"Miscellaneous notes\",\n \"value\": \"Crithmum maritimum L. is an unresolved name in The Plant List 14/09/15\\r\\nA very well investigated species with many potential uses.\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"references\",\n \"question\": \"Additional references\",\n \"value\": null,\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 298,\n \"type\": \"B\",\n \"Authors\": \"Tutin, T. G., V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters and D. A. Webb.\",\n \"Title\": \"Flora Europaea\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Cambridge University\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Cambridge\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1964\",\n \"Volume\": \"Vol. I.\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 303,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Tutin, T. G., V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters and D. A. Webb. 1964 Flora Europaea. Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University. \\r\\n\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 12,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Authors\": \"Aronson, J.A., D. Pasternak and A. Danon.\",\n \"Editors\": \"edited by Emily E. Whitehead, C. F. Hutchinson, B. N. Timmermann and R. G. Varady\",\n \"Title\": \"Arid lands : today and tomorrow : proceedings of an international research and development conference, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A., October 20-25, 1985\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Westview Press\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Boulder, Colo.\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1988\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"737\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"746\",\n \"Chapter Title\": \"Introduction and first evaluation of 120 halophytes under seawater irrigation\",\n \"Edition\": \"1. print.\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 12,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Aronson, J.A., D. Pasternak and A. Danon. 1988 Introduction and first evaluation of 120 halophytes under seawater irrigation. In Arid lands: today and tomorrow. Proceedings of an international research and development conference, October 20 - 25,1985, Tucson, Arizona, eds. E. E. Whitehead, C. F. Hutchinson, B. N. Timmermann and R. G. Varady, Boulder, Colorado Westview London Belhaven. 737 - 746\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 115,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"FRANKE, W\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"FRANKE, W\",\n \"Title\": \"VITAMIN-C IN SEA FENNEL (CRITHMUM-MARITIMUM), AN EDIBLE WILD PLANT\",\n \"Source\": \"ECONOMIC BOTANY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"crithmum maritimum Apiaceae/Umbellifereae halophytes\",\n \"Reprint Address\": \"FRANKE, W (reprint author), UNIV BONN, DEPT AGR BOT, D-5300 BONN 1, FED REP GER.\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"6\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"9\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"9\",\n \"Publisher\": \"SPRINGER\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"NEW YORK\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0013-0001\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"ECON BOT\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"Econ. Bot.\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1982\",\n \"Volume\": \"36\",\n \"Issue\": \"2\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"163\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"165\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1007/BF02858711\",\n \"Page Count\": \"3\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"NP158\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1982NP15800003\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 115,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Franke, W 1982 Vitamin C in sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum), an edible wild plant. Economic Botany 36 (2) 163 - 165\\r\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 212,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"OKUSANYA, OT\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"OKUSANYA, OT\",\n \"Title\": \"EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE ECOLOGY OF SOME MARITIME CLIFF SPECIES .3. EFFECT OF SEA-WATER ON GROWTH\",\n \"Source\": \"JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Author Address\": \"UNIV LANCASTER,DEPT BIOL SCI,LANCASTER LA1 4YQ,LANCASHIRE,ENGLAND\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"18\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"14\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"17\",\n \"Publisher\": \"BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"OXFORD\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0022-0477\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"J ECOL\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"J. Ecol.\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1979\",\n \"Volume\": \"67\",\n \"Issue\": \"2\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"579\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"590\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/2259113\",\n \"Page Count\": \"12\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences; Ecology\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"HL810\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1979HL81000009\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 213,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Okusanya, O. T. 1979 An experimental investigation into the ecology of some maritime cliff species. III. Effect of seawater on growth. Journal of Ecology 67 579 - 590\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": [\n {\n \"id\": 15,\n \"fileName\": \"3205_2015-05-08_21-39_crithmum_maritimum_3_.jpg\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 83,\n \"fileName\": \"79_2014-04-04_20-45_img_2350.jpg\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 84,\n \"fileName\": \"79_2014-04-04_20-46_img_2366.jpg\"\n }\n ]\n }\n}"}],"_postman_id":"40597e0e-e6c5-426e-bfa4-0b1299323d1e"},{"name":"plants","id":"109f706d-1a96-4f38-ae52-658c4da0f256","protocolProfileBehavior":{"disableBodyPruning":true},"request":{"method":"GET","header":[],"url":"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants","description":"Returns data for all active plants on the eHALOPH database. The resulting data is paginated (15 plants per page).
\n","urlObject":{"path":["api","v1","plants"],"host":["https://ehaloph.uc.pt"],"query":[],"variable":[]}},"response":[{"id":"f7ee5611-045d-4d5b-93e4-f843ea4b2101","name":"plants","originalRequest":{"method":"GET","header":[],"url":"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants"},"status":"OK","code":200,"_postman_previewlanguage":"json","header":[{"key":"Server","value":"nginx"},{"key":"Date","value":"Thu, 03 Apr 2025 15:22:30 GMT"},{"key":"Content-Type","value":"application/json"},{"key":"Transfer-Encoding","value":"chunked"},{"key":"Connection","value":"keep-alive"},{"key":"X-Powered-By","value":"PHP/8.2.25"},{"key":"Cache-Control","value":"private, must-revalidate"},{"key":"pragma","value":"no-cache"},{"key":"expires","value":"-1"},{"key":"X-RateLimit-Limit","value":"60"},{"key":"X-RateLimit-Remaining","value":"58"},{"key":"Strict-Transport-Security","value":"max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains"},{"key":"Access-Control-Allow-Origin","value":"*"}],"cookie":[],"responseTime":null,"body":"{\n \"data\": [\n {\n \"id\": 289,\n \"date\": \"2011-08-11T22:00:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:13.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Caryophyllaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Arenaria\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"graveolens\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"Schreber\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"psammophile\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"A Marine habitats\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"C3?\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Mediterranean region (casual)\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"references\",\n \"question\": \"Additional references\",\n \"value\": null,\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 85,\n \"type\": \"B\",\n \"Authors\": \"Dubuis, A. and P. 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Scheff.\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"hydrohalophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"Tree\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"max_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Maximum salinity tolerated/tested\",\n \"value\": \"35.5\",\n \"unit\": \"PSU\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"C3?\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Asia - southeast\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"references\",\n \"question\": \"Additional references\",\n \"value\": null,\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 193,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"MEPHAM, RH; MEPHAM, JS\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"MEPHAM, RH; MEPHAM, JS\",\n \"Title\": \"THE FLORA OF TIDAL FORESTS - A RATIONALIZATION OF THE USE OF THE TERM MANGROVE\",\n \"Source\": \"SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Reprint Address\": \"MEPHAM, RH (reprint author), UNIV NATAL,DEPT ZOOL,PIETERMARITZBURG 3200,SOUTH AFRICA.\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"27\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"6\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"7\",\n \"Publisher\": \"BUREAU SCIENTIFIC PUBL\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"PRETORIA\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"P O BOX 1758, PRETORIA 0001, SOUTH AFRICA\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0254-6299\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"S AFR J BOT\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"S. Afr. J. Bot.\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1985\",\n \"Volume\": \"51\",\n \"Issue\": \"2\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"77\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"99\",\n \"Page Count\": \"23\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"AGN73\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1985AGN7300001\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 194,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Mepham R.H. and J.S. Mepham 1985 The flora of tidal forests - a rationalization of the use of the term mangrove. South African Journal of Botany 51 (2) 75 - 99\\r\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 2640,\n \"date\": \"2013-04-16T15:10:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:27.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Solanaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Lycium\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"californicum\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"A. Gray\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"psammophile\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"Shrub\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"North America - west (casual)\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"references\",\n \"question\": \"Additional references\",\n \"value\": null,\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 103,\n \"type\": \"B\",\n \"Authors\": \"Richard Stephen Felger and Mary Beck Moser.\",\n \"Title\": \"People of the desert and sea : ethnobotany of the Seri Indians\",\n \"Publisher\": \"University of Arizona Press\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Tucson, Ariz.\",\n \"ISBN\": \"9780816508181\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1985\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 103,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Felger, R. S. and M. B. Moser 1985 People of the desert and sea. Ethnobotany of the Serf Indians. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. \\r\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 309,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Waisel, Y. and M. Agami.\",\n \"Title\": \"The halophytes of Israel. (In Hebrew)\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Mador L'Ecologia\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Petah Tikva\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1979\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 314,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Waisel, Y. and M. Agami. 1979 The halophytes of Israel. (In Hebrew.) Petah Tikva: Mador L`Ecologia. \\r\\n\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 2821,\n \"date\": \"2013-06-25T09:10:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:29.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Amaranthaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Halimocnemis\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"karelinii\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"Moq.\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"xerohalophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"A Marine habitats\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Irano-Turanian region\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"references\",\n \"question\": \"Additional references\",\n \"value\": null,\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 267,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Shishkin, B. K\",\n \"Editors\": \"ed. Shishkin, B. K\",\n \"Title\": \"Flora of the U.S.S.R.\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Botanicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR. (Translated from Russian by N. Landau and reissued in 1970. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translation.) \",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Moscow and Leningrad\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1936\",\n \"Volume\": \"Vol. 6, Centrospermae\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 272,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Shishkin, B. K, ed. 1936 Flora of the U:S.S.R Vol. 6, Centrospermae. Moscow and Leningrad: Iz datel`stvo Akademii Nauk SSR (Translated from Russian by N. Landau and reissued in 1970. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translation.) \\r\\n\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 4247,\n \"date\": \"2015-07-13T11:00:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:38.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Amaranthaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Suaeda\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"divaricata\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"Moq.\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"xerophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"Shrub\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genotypes\",\n \"question\": \"Genotypes\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"max_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Maximum salinity tolerated/tested\",\n \"value\": \"18.85\",\n \"unit\": \"dS/m\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6693,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Becerra, A., N. Bartoloni, N. Cofre, F. Soteras and M. Cabello\",\n \"Title\": \"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils: Vertical distribution at different soil depth\",\n \"Source\": \"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize land plants in every ecosystem, even extreme conditions such as saline soils. In the present work we report for the first time the mycorrhizal status and the vertical fungal distribution of AMF spores present in the rhizospheric soil samples of four species of Chenopodiaceae (Allenrolfea patagonica, Atriplex argentina, Heterostachys ritteriana and Suaeda divaricata) at five different depths in two saline of central Argentina. Roots showed medium, low or no colonization (0-50%). Nineteen morphologically distinctive AMF species were recovered. The number of AMF spores ranged between 3 and 1162 per 100 g dry soil, and AMF spore number decreased as depth increased at both sites. The highest spore number was recorded in the upper soil depth (0-10 cm) and in S. divaricata. Depending of the host plant, some AMF species sporulated mainly in the deep soil layers (Glomus magnicaule in Allenrolfea patagonica, Septoglomus aff. constrictum in Atriplex argentina), others mainly in the top layers (G. brohultti in Atriplex argentina and Septoglomus aff. constrictum in Allenrolfea patagonica). Although the low percentages of colonization or lack of it, our results show a moderate diversity of AMF associated to the species of Chenopodiaceae investigated in this study. The taxonomical diversity reveals that AMF are adapted to extreme environmental conditions from saline soils of central Argentina.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"[Becerra, Alejandra; Cofre, Noelia; Soteras, Florencia] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Bartoloni, Norberto] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Cabello, Marta] Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, Inst Spcgazzini, La Plata, Argentina. Becerra, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, CC 495, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. abecerra@com.uncor.edu\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1517-8382\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1517-8382\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"Apr-Jun\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2014\",\n \"Volume\": \"45\",\n \"Issue\": \"2\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"585-594\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000342659600029\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"germination\",\n \"question\": \"Germination\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"No\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"microbial\",\n \"question\": \"Microbial interactions and mycorrhizal status\",\n \"value\": \"Yes\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"bioremediation\",\n \"question\": \"Bioremediation\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"references\",\n \"question\": \"Additional references\",\n \"value\": null,\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 304,\n \"type\": \"B\",\n \"Authors\": \"Verettoni, H. N.\",\n \"Title\": \"Las asociaciones halofilas del partido de Bahia Blanca\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Panzini\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Bahia Blanca, Argentina\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1961\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 309,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Verettoni, H. N. 1961 Las asociaciones halofilas del partido de Bahia Blanca. Bahia Blanca, Argentina: Panzini. \\r\\n\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 4410,\n \"date\": \"2015-08-17T15:59:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:39.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Amaranthaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Maireana\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"melanocarpa\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"Paul G. Wilson\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"hydrohalophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"Shrub\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"C3?\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"South Australia \"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"references\",\n \"question\": \"Additional references\",\n \"value\": null,\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 321,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Wilson, P. G.\",\n \"Title\": \"A taxonomic revision of the genus Maireana (Chenopodiaceae)\",\n \"Source\": \"Nuytsia\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1975\",\n \"Volume\": \"2\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"2\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"83\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 326,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Wilson, P. G. 1975 A taxonomic revision of the genus Maireana (Chenopodiaceae). Nuytsia 2 (1) 2 - 83\\r\\n\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 323,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Authors\": \"Wilson, P. G. \",\n \"Editors\": \"ed. A. S. George\",\n \"Title\": \"Flora of Australia\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Australian Government Publishing Service\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Canberra\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1984\",\n \"Volume\": \"Vol. 4\",\n \"Chapter Title\": \"Chenopodiaceae\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 328,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Wilson, P. G. 1984 Chenopodiaceae. In: Flora of Australia, ed. A. S. George. Canberra: Australian Government Printing Service. Vol 4\\r\\n\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 4722,\n \"date\": \"2015-09-22T09:27:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:41.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Amaranthaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Suaeda\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"kossinskyi \"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"Iljin\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"xerohalophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"A Marine habitats\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genotypes\",\n \"question\": \"Genotypes\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"germination\",\n \"question\": \"Germination\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"microbial\",\n \"question\": \"Microbial interactions and mycorrhizal status\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"bioremediation\",\n \"question\": \"Bioremediation\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"N Xinjiang [C Asia, SE Europe (Lower Volga region of Russia)].\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"misc\",\n \"question\": \"Miscellaneous notes\",\n \"value\": \"No publications found 22/09/2015 other than in the Flora of cChina - see http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006949\\r\\n\\r\\nHabitat Moist strongly saline-alkaline soils.\"\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 4932,\n \"date\": \"2015-11-23T20:26:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:42.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Amaranthaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Suaeda\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"asphaltica\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"Boiss.\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"xerophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"Chaemaephyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genotypes\",\n \"question\": \"Genotypes\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"germination\",\n \"question\": \"Germination\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"C4\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"microbial\",\n \"question\": \"Microbial interactions and mycorrhizal status\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"bioremediation\",\n \"question\": \"Bioremediation\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"habitat\",\n \"question\": \"Habitat\",\n \"value\": \"C1.5 Permanent inland saline and brackish lakes, ponds and pools\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6837,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Qasem, Jamal R.\",\n \"Title\": \"PROSPECTS OF WILD MEDICINAL AND INDUSTRIAL PLANTS OF SALINE HABITATS IN THE JORDAN VALLEY\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Pakistan Journal of Botany\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"KARACHI, PAKISTAN\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2015\",\n \"Volume\": \"47\",\n \"Issue\": \"2\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"551\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"570\",\n \"userid\": 68,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Saharo-Arabian region - east\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"75 km parallel to the Jordan River and the Dead Sea, and varies in width from 10 km at Wadi Hisban and Wadi Zarqa to about 2-3 km in Zara, Jordan\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6837,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Qasem, Jamal R.\",\n \"Title\": \"PROSPECTS OF WILD MEDICINAL AND INDUSTRIAL PLANTS OF SALINE HABITATS IN THE JORDAN VALLEY\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Pakistan Journal of Botany\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"KARACHI, PAKISTAN\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2015\",\n \"Volume\": \"47\",\n \"Issue\": \"2\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"551\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"570\",\n \"userid\": 68,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"misc\",\n \"question\": \"Miscellaneous notes\",\n \"value\": \"No experimental evidence of salt tolerance (TJF June 2015).\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"references\",\n \"question\": \"Additional references\",\n \"value\": null,\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 345,\n \"type\": \"B\",\n \"Authors\": \"Zohary, M.\",\n \"Title\": \"Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Fischer [u.a.]\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Stuttgart [u.a.]\",\n \"ISBN\": \" 9789026501579\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1973\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 350,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Zohary, M. 1972 Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East. Stuttgart: Fischer. \\r\\n\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 5227,\n \"date\": \"2016-03-03T11:14:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:44.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Amaranthaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Amaranthus\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"cannabinus\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"(L.) Sauer\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genotypes\",\n \"question\": \"Genotypes\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"max_salinity\",\n \"question\": \"Maximum salinity tolerated/tested\",\n \"value\": \"20000\",\n \"unit\": \"mg/L\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6924,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Bram, MR; Quinn, JA\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"Bram, MR; Quinn, JA\",\n \"Title\": \"Sex expression, sex-specific traits, and the effects of salinity on growth and reproduction of Amaranthus cannabinus (Amaranthaceae), a dioecious annual\",\n \"Source\": \"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Amaranthaceae; Amaranthus cannabinus; dioecy; flowering phenology; freshwater marsh; salt marsh; sex expression; sex-specific selection\",\n \"Keywords Plus\": \"BACCHARIS-HALIMIFOLIA COMPOSITAE; CHAMAELIRIUM-LUTEUM; POPULATION BIOLOGY; SILENE-LATIFOLIA; FEMALE PLANTS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; RUBUS-CHAMAEMORUS; FLOWERING PLANTS; NORTH-AMERICA; RUMEX-ACETOSA\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Amaranthus cannabinus was studied to investigate some of the ecological factors thought to be involved in the evolution of dioecy and to investigate the effects of salinity on sex expression and sex-specific selection. In the field portion of this study, sex ratios, stability of sex expression, spatial distribution, allocation strategies, and phenologies of the sexes were investigated in New Jersey freshwater and salt marsh populations of water hemp. To examine the effects of salinity on vegetative and reproductive development of males and females, plants were grown in the greenhouse at three salinity levels. Adult sex ratios were found to be 1:1. Temporal deviations from a 1:1 sex ratio varied by population and were due to differences in flowering phenology and mortality between the sexes. No plants were observed to change sex expression, and there was no evidence of spatial segregation of the sexes in the held. In both the held and the greenhouse, females allocated more resources to vegetative tissues and had a longer growing period than males. The results of this study suggest that increased reproductive efficiency through sex-specific growth patterns may have been an important selective factor involved in the evolution of dioecy in A. cannabinus.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA\",\n \"Reprint Address\": \"Bram, MR (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA.\",\n \"Cited References\": \"ANDERSON GJ, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P423, DOI 10.1086/284283; LLOYD DG, 1977, BOT REV, V43, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF02860717; BAWA KS, 1975, EVOLUTION, V29, P167, DOI 10.2307/2407150; THOMSON JD, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P443, DOI 10.1086/283837; COX PA, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P295, DOI 10.1086/283707; LYONS EE, 1995, J HERED, V86, P107; GROSS KL, 1981, AM J BOT, V68, P801, DOI 10.2307/2443186; WILLSON MF, 1979, AM NAT, V113, P777, DOI 10.1086/283437; PURRINGTON CB, 1993, J ECOL, V81, P807, DOI 10.2307/2261678; BIERZYCHUDEK P, 1988, AM NAT, V132, P34, DOI 10.1086/284836; BAWA KS, 1980, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V11, P15, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.000311; PARKER VT, 1985, AM J BOT, V72, P161, DOI 10.2307/2443543; SIMPSON RL, 1983, BIOSCIENCE, V33, P255, DOI 10.2307/1309038; FREEMAN DC, 1976, SCIENCE, V193, P597, DOI 10.1126/science.193.4253.597; AGREN J, 1988, ECOLOGY, V69, P962, DOI 10.2307/1941251; Freeman DC, 1997, BOT REV, V63, P65, DOI 10.1007/BF02857918; PUTWAIN PD, 1972, J ECOL, V60, P113, DOI 10.2307/2258045; GRANT MC, 1979, EVOLUTION, V33, P914, DOI 10.2307/2407654; CHARLESWORTH D, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P237, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.237; FREEMAN DC, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V47, P222, DOI 10.1007/BF00346825; DAWSON TE, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P798, DOI 10.2307/1940807; BAKER HG, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P149, DOI 10.1086/284260; BAWA KS, 1994, AM J BOT, V81, P456, DOI 10.2307/2445495; BRAM MR, 1998, THESIS RUTGERS U NEW; CLEMANTS SE, 1992, B NEW YORK STATE MUS, V485; CONN JS, 1981, B TORREY BOT CLUB, V108, P446, DOI 10.2307/2484445; CONN JS, 1981, B TORREY BOT CLUB, V108, P374, DOI 10.2307/2484717; Darwin CR, 1877, DIFFERENT FORMS FLOW; Dawson TE, 1999, GENDER SEXUAL DIMORP, P175; Delph L.F., 1999, GENDER SEXUAL DIMORP, P149; FREEMAN DC, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V93, P538, DOI 10.1007/BF00328963; FREEMAN DC, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V44, P410; GARCIA MB, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V101, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF00328901; JOHNSON T, 1997, STAR LEDGER 1007, P17; KORPELAINEN H, 1992, OECOLOGIA, V89, P133, DOI 10.1007/BF00319025; KORPELAINEN H, 1994, ANN BOT-LONDON, V74, P627, DOI 10.1006/anbo.1994.1164; KRISCHIK VA, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V83, P176; KRISCHIK VA, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V83, P182, DOI 10.1007/BF00317750; LEMEN C, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V45, P156, DOI 10.1007/BF00346454; LLOYD DG, 1982, AM NAT, V120, P571, DOI 10.1086/284014; DOUST JL, 1991, J ECOL, V79, P477, DOI 10.2307/2260727; MEAGHER TR, 1984, ANN MO BOT GARD, V71, P254, DOI 10.2307/2399069; MEAGHER TR, 1981, EVOLUTION, V35, P557, DOI 10.2307/2408202; MEAGHER TR, 1980, EVOLUTION, V34, P1127, DOI 10.2307/2408293; MEAGHER TR, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1690, DOI 10.2307/1940111; MILLER J, 1987, NEW PHYTOL, V107, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb02931.x; MUENCHOW GE, 1987, AM J BOT, V74, P287, DOI 10.2307/2444031; Purrington CB, 1998, J ECOL, V86, P397, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00262.x; QUINN JA, 1994, AM J BOT, V81, P1545, DOI 10.2307/2445331; QUINN JA, 1991, AM J BOT, V78, P481, DOI 10.2307/2445257; RENNER SS, 1995, AM J BOT, V82, P596, DOI 10.2307/2445418; RICHARDS AJ, 1986, PLANTS BREEDING SYST; SAKAI AK, 1991, AM J BOT, V78, P1280, DOI 10.2307/2444931; SAS, 1990, SAS STAT US GUID VER; *SAS, 1996, SAS SYST MICR WIND 9; SAUER JONATHAN, 1955, MADRONO, V13, P5\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"56\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"24\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"28\",\n \"Publisher\": \"BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"COLUMBUS\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0002-9122\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"AM J BOT\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"Am. J. Bot.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"NOV\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2000\",\n \"Volume\": \"87\",\n \"Issue\": \"11\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"1609\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"1618\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/2656737\",\n \"Page Count\": \"10\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"375EE\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000165385900008\",\n \"userid\": 68,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"germination\",\n \"question\": \"Germination\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"microbial\",\n \"question\": \"Microbial interactions and mycorrhizal status\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"bioremediation\",\n \"question\": \"Bioremediation\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"habitat\",\n \"question\": \"Habitat\",\n \"value\": \"D6.1 Inland saltmarshes\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6922,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Bram, MR\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"Bram, MR\",\n \"Title\": \"Effects of inbreeding in three populations of the dioecious annual Amaranthus cannabinus (Amaranthaceae)\",\n \"Source\": \"JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Amaranthaceae; Amaranthus cannabinus; annual; dioecy; inbreeding; inbreeding depression\",\n \"Keywords Plus\": \"SEED PLANTS; MATING HISTORY; GENETIC LOAD; DEPRESSION; EVOLUTION; CONSEQUENCES; SEXES; ENVIRONMENTS; SELECTION; SYSTEMS\",\n \"Abstract\": \"BRAM, M. R. (Patrick Center for Environmental Research, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1195). Effects of inbreeding in three populations of the dioecious annual Amaranthus cannabinus (Amaranthaceae). J. Torrey Bet. Soc. 129: 298-310. 2002.-The avoidance of inbreeding is thought by many to be a strong selective force leading to the evolution of dioecy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of inbreeding on Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) Sauer (water hemp), a dioecious annual. Inbred and outcrossed lines were established in the greenhouse for three New Jersey populations of water hemp, one salt marsh population and two freshwater marsh populations. After two generations of crosses, inbreeding depression was observed in the percentage of germination, leaf size, and plant height. However, the response to inbreeding varied considerably among and within the three populations. Overall, inbreeding depression was low, suggesting that the avoidance of inbreeding was not a strong selective drive for the evolution of dioecy in A. cannabinus. Another selective factor that more likely contributed to the evolution of dioecy in water hemp is increased reproductive efficiency through sex-specific selection.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA\",\n \"Reprint Address\": \"Bram, MR (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA.\",\n \"Cited References\": \"ANDERSON GJ, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P423, DOI 10.1086/284283; Lanoue KZ, 1996, THEOR APPL GENET, V93, P722, DOI 10.1007/BF00224068; SNOW AA, 1993, AM J BOT, V80, P160, DOI 10.2307/2445035; BAWA KS, 1975, EVOLUTION, V29, P167, DOI 10.2307/2407150; THOMSON JD, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P443, DOI 10.1086/283837; COX PA, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P295, DOI 10.1086/283707; MONTALVO AM, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P2395, DOI 10.2307/1940893; DUDASH MR, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P1129, DOI 10.2307/2409277; AGREN J, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P125, DOI 10.2307/2410123; GIVNISH TJ, 1980, EVOLUTION, V34, P959, DOI 10.2307/2408001; CHARLESWORTH B, 1978, AM NAT, V112, P975, DOI 10.1086/283342; MAKI M, 1993, AM J BOT, V80, P629, DOI 10.2307/2445432; Byers DL, 1999, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V30, P479, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.479; WOLFE LM, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P374, DOI 10.2307/2410058; Schultz ST, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P842, DOI 10.2307/2410856; BAWA KS, 1980, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V11, P15, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.000311; Holtsford TP, 1996, HEREDITY, V76, P83, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1996.11; Mutikainen P, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1572, DOI 10.2307/2411331; FREEMAN DC, 1976, SCIENCE, V193, P597, DOI 10.1126/science.193.4253.597; del Castillo RF, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P44, DOI 10.2307/2410919; NORMAN JK, 1995, EVOLUTION, V49, P297, DOI 10.2307/2410340; RIESEBERG LH, 1993, AM J BOT, V80, P757, DOI 10.2307/2445595; CHARLESWORTH D, 1978, HEREDITY, V41, P137, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1978.83; Carr DE, 1996, AM J BOT, V83, P586, DOI 10.2307/2445917; CHARLESWORTH D, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P237, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.237; CHARLESWORTH D, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P1469, DOI 10.2307/2409330; CARR DE, 1995, HEREDITY, V75, P437, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1995.159; Bram MR, 2000, AM J BOT, V87, P1609, DOI 10.2307/2656737; BAKER HG, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P149, DOI 10.1086/284260; Bewley J. D., 1985, SEEDS PHYSL DEV GERM; BRAM MR, 1998, THESIS RUTGERS U NEW; CLEMANTS SE, 1992, B NEW YORK STATE MUS, V485; Falconer D. S., 1989, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G; FREEMAN DC, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V44, P410; HOLSINGER KE, 1992, ECOLOGY EVOLUTION PL; JOHNSTON MO, 1994, EVOLUTION, V48, P1735, DOI 10.2307/2410261; LLOYD DG, 1982, AM NAT, V120, P571, DOI 10.1086/284014; MAYER SS, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P207, DOI 10.2307/2409815; Maynard Smith J, 1989, EVOLUTIONARY GENETIC; MEAGHER TR, 1984, ANN MO BOT GARD, V71, P254, DOI 10.2307/2399069; Richards A. J., 1986, PLANT BREEDING SYSTE; *SAS I INC, 1996, SAS SYST MICR WIND 9; SAUER JONATHAN, 1955, MADRONO, V13, P5; SAUER J D, 1972, Madrono, V21, P426; Scheiner S., 1993, DESIGN ANAL ECOLOGIC; WILLSON MF, 1979, AM NAT, V118, P443\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"46\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"5\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"5\",\n \"Publisher\": \"TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"LAWRENCE\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"J TORREY BOT SOC\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"J. Torrey Bot. Soc.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"OCT-DEC\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2002\",\n \"Volume\": \"129\",\n \"Issue\": \"4\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"298\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"310\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/3088701\",\n \"Page Count\": \"13\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"643BG\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000180841600003\",\n \"userid\": 68,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 6924,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Bram, MR; Quinn, JA\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"Bram, MR; Quinn, JA\",\n \"Title\": \"Sex expression, sex-specific traits, and the effects of salinity on growth and reproduction of Amaranthus cannabinus (Amaranthaceae), a dioecious annual\",\n \"Source\": \"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Amaranthaceae; Amaranthus cannabinus; dioecy; flowering phenology; freshwater marsh; salt marsh; sex expression; sex-specific selection\",\n \"Keywords Plus\": \"BACCHARIS-HALIMIFOLIA COMPOSITAE; CHAMAELIRIUM-LUTEUM; POPULATION BIOLOGY; SILENE-LATIFOLIA; FEMALE PLANTS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; RUBUS-CHAMAEMORUS; FLOWERING PLANTS; NORTH-AMERICA; RUMEX-ACETOSA\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Amaranthus cannabinus was studied to investigate some of the ecological factors thought to be involved in the evolution of dioecy and to investigate the effects of salinity on sex expression and sex-specific selection. In the field portion of this study, sex ratios, stability of sex expression, spatial distribution, allocation strategies, and phenologies of the sexes were investigated in New Jersey freshwater and salt marsh populations of water hemp. To examine the effects of salinity on vegetative and reproductive development of males and females, plants were grown in the greenhouse at three salinity levels. Adult sex ratios were found to be 1:1. Temporal deviations from a 1:1 sex ratio varied by population and were due to differences in flowering phenology and mortality between the sexes. No plants were observed to change sex expression, and there was no evidence of spatial segregation of the sexes in the held. In both the held and the greenhouse, females allocated more resources to vegetative tissues and had a longer growing period than males. The results of this study suggest that increased reproductive efficiency through sex-specific growth patterns may have been an important selective factor involved in the evolution of dioecy in A. cannabinus.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA\",\n \"Reprint Address\": \"Bram, MR (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA.\",\n \"Cited References\": \"ANDERSON GJ, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P423, DOI 10.1086/284283; LLOYD DG, 1977, BOT REV, V43, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF02860717; BAWA KS, 1975, EVOLUTION, V29, P167, DOI 10.2307/2407150; THOMSON JD, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P443, DOI 10.1086/283837; COX PA, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P295, DOI 10.1086/283707; LYONS EE, 1995, J HERED, V86, P107; GROSS KL, 1981, AM J BOT, V68, P801, DOI 10.2307/2443186; WILLSON MF, 1979, AM NAT, V113, P777, DOI 10.1086/283437; PURRINGTON CB, 1993, J ECOL, V81, P807, DOI 10.2307/2261678; BIERZYCHUDEK P, 1988, AM NAT, V132, P34, DOI 10.1086/284836; BAWA KS, 1980, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V11, P15, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.000311; PARKER VT, 1985, AM J BOT, V72, P161, DOI 10.2307/2443543; SIMPSON RL, 1983, BIOSCIENCE, V33, P255, DOI 10.2307/1309038; FREEMAN DC, 1976, SCIENCE, V193, P597, DOI 10.1126/science.193.4253.597; AGREN J, 1988, ECOLOGY, V69, P962, DOI 10.2307/1941251; Freeman DC, 1997, BOT REV, V63, P65, DOI 10.1007/BF02857918; PUTWAIN PD, 1972, J ECOL, V60, P113, DOI 10.2307/2258045; GRANT MC, 1979, EVOLUTION, V33, P914, DOI 10.2307/2407654; CHARLESWORTH D, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P237, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.237; FREEMAN DC, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V47, P222, DOI 10.1007/BF00346825; DAWSON TE, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P798, DOI 10.2307/1940807; BAKER HG, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P149, DOI 10.1086/284260; BAWA KS, 1994, AM J BOT, V81, P456, DOI 10.2307/2445495; BRAM MR, 1998, THESIS RUTGERS U NEW; CLEMANTS SE, 1992, B NEW YORK STATE MUS, V485; CONN JS, 1981, B TORREY BOT CLUB, V108, P446, DOI 10.2307/2484445; CONN JS, 1981, B TORREY BOT CLUB, V108, P374, DOI 10.2307/2484717; Darwin CR, 1877, DIFFERENT FORMS FLOW; Dawson TE, 1999, GENDER SEXUAL DIMORP, P175; Delph L.F., 1999, GENDER SEXUAL DIMORP, P149; FREEMAN DC, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V93, P538, DOI 10.1007/BF00328963; FREEMAN DC, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V44, P410; GARCIA MB, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V101, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF00328901; JOHNSON T, 1997, STAR LEDGER 1007, P17; KORPELAINEN H, 1992, OECOLOGIA, V89, P133, DOI 10.1007/BF00319025; KORPELAINEN H, 1994, ANN BOT-LONDON, V74, P627, DOI 10.1006/anbo.1994.1164; KRISCHIK VA, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V83, P176; KRISCHIK VA, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V83, P182, DOI 10.1007/BF00317750; LEMEN C, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V45, P156, DOI 10.1007/BF00346454; LLOYD DG, 1982, AM NAT, V120, P571, DOI 10.1086/284014; DOUST JL, 1991, J ECOL, V79, P477, DOI 10.2307/2260727; MEAGHER TR, 1984, ANN MO BOT GARD, V71, P254, DOI 10.2307/2399069; MEAGHER TR, 1981, EVOLUTION, V35, P557, DOI 10.2307/2408202; MEAGHER TR, 1980, EVOLUTION, V34, P1127, DOI 10.2307/2408293; MEAGHER TR, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1690, DOI 10.2307/1940111; MILLER J, 1987, NEW PHYTOL, V107, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb02931.x; MUENCHOW GE, 1987, AM J BOT, V74, P287, DOI 10.2307/2444031; Purrington CB, 1998, J ECOL, V86, P397, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00262.x; QUINN JA, 1994, AM J BOT, V81, P1545, DOI 10.2307/2445331; QUINN JA, 1991, AM J BOT, V78, P481, DOI 10.2307/2445257; RENNER SS, 1995, AM J BOT, V82, P596, DOI 10.2307/2445418; RICHARDS AJ, 1986, PLANTS BREEDING SYST; SAKAI AK, 1991, AM J BOT, V78, P1280, DOI 10.2307/2444931; SAS, 1990, SAS STAT US GUID VER; *SAS, 1996, SAS SYST MICR WIND 9; SAUER JONATHAN, 1955, MADRONO, V13, P5\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"56\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"24\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"28\",\n \"Publisher\": \"BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"COLUMBUS\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0002-9122\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"AM J BOT\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"Am. J. Bot.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"NOV\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2000\",\n \"Volume\": \"87\",\n \"Issue\": \"11\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"1609\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"1618\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/2656737\",\n \"Page Count\": \"10\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"375EE\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000165385900008\",\n \"userid\": 68,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 6923,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Quinn, JA; Bram, MR; Taylor, TE\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"Quinn, JA; Bram, MR; Taylor, TE\",\n \"Title\": \"Female resource allocation in response to pollen availability in plants from freshwater cared salt marsh populations of Amaranthus cannabinus\",\n \"Source\": \"JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Amaranthus cannabinus; dioecy; pollen availability; resource allocation; sex expression\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Females of dioecious species could respond to pollen-limitation by extending their flowering period, by maximizing stigmatic surface area, or by producing stamens. Our objective was to determine female response to pollen availability in Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) Sauer, a dioecious annual. Plants from two southern New Jersey tidal marsh populations (fresh, FW; salt, SM) were grown under spring greenhouse conditions until initiation of Bower development. Females of each population were then paired as to height and vigor, and one of each pair was placed in a closed greenhouse room without males. The other females, surrounded by males, were placed in a comparable greenhouse room. One month later at harvest, seed-bearing plants were senescing, while pollen-deprived plants were green with clusters of turgid stigmas at the base of almost every petiole and branch as well as at the end of branches. There were no changes in sex expression; those females without pollen produced only female flowers. There were no significant differences in total biomass between treatments but striking differences in resource (biomass) allocation. Pollen-deprived plants allocated 61% (FW) and 37% (SM) more biomass to reproductive structures other than seeds. For plants from both populations, the pollen-deprived plants allocated at least 68% more to stems, and 37% (FW) and 57% (SM) more to leaves. Confirming the earlier senescence of the pollinated plants, leaf drop at the time of harvest was 24% (FW) and 33% (SM) greater. Overall, females of freshwater and salt marsh populations showed a similar pattern in their allocation responses to pollen availability.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA\",\n \"Reprint Address\": \"Quinn, JA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.\",\n \"Cited References\": \"GREEN NE, 1969, J RANGE MANAGE, V22, P133, DOI 10.2307/3896199; ROACH DA, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P209, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.209; BRAM MR, 1998, THESIS RUTGERS U NEW; CLEMANTS SE, 1992, B STATE U NEW YORK, V485; Gleason H. A., 1991, MANUAL VASCULAR PLAN; Leck M. A., 1988, BARTONIA, V54, P1; LEMEN C, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V45, P156, DOI 10.1007/BF00346454; MCWILLIA.EL, 1968, ECOLOGY, V49, P290, DOI 10.2307/1934458; Miglia KJ, 1996, AM J BOT, V83, P326, DOI 10.2307/2446167; QUINN JA, 1972, AM J BOT, V59, P627, DOI 10.2307/2441026; *SAS I INC, 1996, SAS SYST MICR WIND 9; SAUER JONATHAN, 1955, MADRONO, V13, P5; Snedecor G. W., 1956, STAT METHODS; Willson MF, 1983, PLANT REPROD ECOLOGY\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"14\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"2\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"2\",\n \"Publisher\": \"TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"LAWRENCE\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"J TORREY BOT SOC\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"J. Torrey Bot. Soc.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"JAN-MAR\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2000\",\n \"Volume\": \"127\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"83\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"86\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/3088749\",\n \"Page Count\": \"4\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"289NH\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000085628500008\",\n \"userid\": 68,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Eastern coast of the United States\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6922,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Bram, MR\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"Bram, MR\",\n \"Title\": \"Effects of inbreeding in three populations of the dioecious annual Amaranthus cannabinus (Amaranthaceae)\",\n \"Source\": \"JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Amaranthaceae; Amaranthus cannabinus; annual; dioecy; inbreeding; inbreeding depression\",\n \"Keywords Plus\": \"SEED PLANTS; MATING HISTORY; GENETIC LOAD; DEPRESSION; EVOLUTION; CONSEQUENCES; SEXES; ENVIRONMENTS; SELECTION; SYSTEMS\",\n \"Abstract\": \"BRAM, M. R. (Patrick Center for Environmental Research, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1195). Effects of inbreeding in three populations of the dioecious annual Amaranthus cannabinus (Amaranthaceae). J. Torrey Bet. Soc. 129: 298-310. 2002.-The avoidance of inbreeding is thought by many to be a strong selective force leading to the evolution of dioecy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of inbreeding on Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) Sauer (water hemp), a dioecious annual. Inbred and outcrossed lines were established in the greenhouse for three New Jersey populations of water hemp, one salt marsh population and two freshwater marsh populations. After two generations of crosses, inbreeding depression was observed in the percentage of germination, leaf size, and plant height. However, the response to inbreeding varied considerably among and within the three populations. Overall, inbreeding depression was low, suggesting that the avoidance of inbreeding was not a strong selective drive for the evolution of dioecy in A. cannabinus. Another selective factor that more likely contributed to the evolution of dioecy in water hemp is increased reproductive efficiency through sex-specific selection.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA\",\n \"Reprint Address\": \"Bram, MR (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA.\",\n \"Cited References\": \"ANDERSON GJ, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P423, DOI 10.1086/284283; Lanoue KZ, 1996, THEOR APPL GENET, V93, P722, DOI 10.1007/BF00224068; SNOW AA, 1993, AM J BOT, V80, P160, DOI 10.2307/2445035; BAWA KS, 1975, EVOLUTION, V29, P167, DOI 10.2307/2407150; THOMSON JD, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P443, DOI 10.1086/283837; COX PA, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P295, DOI 10.1086/283707; MONTALVO AM, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P2395, DOI 10.2307/1940893; DUDASH MR, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P1129, DOI 10.2307/2409277; AGREN J, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P125, DOI 10.2307/2410123; GIVNISH TJ, 1980, EVOLUTION, V34, P959, DOI 10.2307/2408001; CHARLESWORTH B, 1978, AM NAT, V112, P975, DOI 10.1086/283342; MAKI M, 1993, AM J BOT, V80, P629, DOI 10.2307/2445432; Byers DL, 1999, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V30, P479, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.479; WOLFE LM, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P374, DOI 10.2307/2410058; Schultz ST, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P842, DOI 10.2307/2410856; BAWA KS, 1980, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V11, P15, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.000311; Holtsford TP, 1996, HEREDITY, V76, P83, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1996.11; Mutikainen P, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1572, DOI 10.2307/2411331; FREEMAN DC, 1976, SCIENCE, V193, P597, DOI 10.1126/science.193.4253.597; del Castillo RF, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P44, DOI 10.2307/2410919; NORMAN JK, 1995, EVOLUTION, V49, P297, DOI 10.2307/2410340; RIESEBERG LH, 1993, AM J BOT, V80, P757, DOI 10.2307/2445595; CHARLESWORTH D, 1978, HEREDITY, V41, P137, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1978.83; Carr DE, 1996, AM J BOT, V83, P586, DOI 10.2307/2445917; CHARLESWORTH D, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P237, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.237; CHARLESWORTH D, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P1469, DOI 10.2307/2409330; CARR DE, 1995, HEREDITY, V75, P437, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1995.159; Bram MR, 2000, AM J BOT, V87, P1609, DOI 10.2307/2656737; BAKER HG, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P149, DOI 10.1086/284260; Bewley J. D., 1985, SEEDS PHYSL DEV GERM; BRAM MR, 1998, THESIS RUTGERS U NEW; CLEMANTS SE, 1992, B NEW YORK STATE MUS, V485; Falconer D. S., 1989, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G; FREEMAN DC, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V44, P410; HOLSINGER KE, 1992, ECOLOGY EVOLUTION PL; JOHNSTON MO, 1994, EVOLUTION, V48, P1735, DOI 10.2307/2410261; LLOYD DG, 1982, AM NAT, V120, P571, DOI 10.1086/284014; MAYER SS, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P207, DOI 10.2307/2409815; Maynard Smith J, 1989, EVOLUTIONARY GENETIC; MEAGHER TR, 1984, ANN MO BOT GARD, V71, P254, DOI 10.2307/2399069; Richards A. J., 1986, PLANT BREEDING SYSTE; *SAS I INC, 1996, SAS SYST MICR WIND 9; SAUER JONATHAN, 1955, MADRONO, V13, P5; SAUER J D, 1972, Madrono, V21, P426; Scheiner S., 1993, DESIGN ANAL ECOLOGIC; WILLSON MF, 1979, AM NAT, V118, P443\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"46\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"5\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"5\",\n \"Publisher\": \"TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"LAWRENCE\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"J TORREY BOT SOC\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"J. Torrey Bot. Soc.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"OCT-DEC\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2002\",\n \"Volume\": \"129\",\n \"Issue\": \"4\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"298\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"310\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/3088701\",\n \"Page Count\": \"13\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"643BG\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000180841600003\",\n \"userid\": 68,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"New Jersey, USA\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 6924,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Bram, MR; Quinn, JA\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"Bram, MR; Quinn, JA\",\n \"Title\": \"Sex expression, sex-specific traits, and the effects of salinity on growth and reproduction of Amaranthus cannabinus (Amaranthaceae), a dioecious annual\",\n \"Source\": \"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Amaranthaceae; Amaranthus cannabinus; dioecy; flowering phenology; freshwater marsh; salt marsh; sex expression; sex-specific selection\",\n \"Keywords Plus\": \"BACCHARIS-HALIMIFOLIA COMPOSITAE; CHAMAELIRIUM-LUTEUM; POPULATION BIOLOGY; SILENE-LATIFOLIA; FEMALE PLANTS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; RUBUS-CHAMAEMORUS; FLOWERING PLANTS; NORTH-AMERICA; RUMEX-ACETOSA\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Amaranthus cannabinus was studied to investigate some of the ecological factors thought to be involved in the evolution of dioecy and to investigate the effects of salinity on sex expression and sex-specific selection. In the field portion of this study, sex ratios, stability of sex expression, spatial distribution, allocation strategies, and phenologies of the sexes were investigated in New Jersey freshwater and salt marsh populations of water hemp. To examine the effects of salinity on vegetative and reproductive development of males and females, plants were grown in the greenhouse at three salinity levels. Adult sex ratios were found to be 1:1. Temporal deviations from a 1:1 sex ratio varied by population and were due to differences in flowering phenology and mortality between the sexes. No plants were observed to change sex expression, and there was no evidence of spatial segregation of the sexes in the held. In both the held and the greenhouse, females allocated more resources to vegetative tissues and had a longer growing period than males. The results of this study suggest that increased reproductive efficiency through sex-specific growth patterns may have been an important selective factor involved in the evolution of dioecy in A. cannabinus.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA\",\n \"Reprint Address\": \"Bram, MR (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA.\",\n \"Cited References\": \"ANDERSON GJ, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P423, DOI 10.1086/284283; LLOYD DG, 1977, BOT REV, V43, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF02860717; BAWA KS, 1975, EVOLUTION, V29, P167, DOI 10.2307/2407150; THOMSON JD, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P443, DOI 10.1086/283837; COX PA, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P295, DOI 10.1086/283707; LYONS EE, 1995, J HERED, V86, P107; GROSS KL, 1981, AM J BOT, V68, P801, DOI 10.2307/2443186; WILLSON MF, 1979, AM NAT, V113, P777, DOI 10.1086/283437; PURRINGTON CB, 1993, J ECOL, V81, P807, DOI 10.2307/2261678; BIERZYCHUDEK P, 1988, AM NAT, V132, P34, DOI 10.1086/284836; BAWA KS, 1980, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V11, P15, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.000311; PARKER VT, 1985, AM J BOT, V72, P161, DOI 10.2307/2443543; SIMPSON RL, 1983, BIOSCIENCE, V33, P255, DOI 10.2307/1309038; FREEMAN DC, 1976, SCIENCE, V193, P597, DOI 10.1126/science.193.4253.597; AGREN J, 1988, ECOLOGY, V69, P962, DOI 10.2307/1941251; Freeman DC, 1997, BOT REV, V63, P65, DOI 10.1007/BF02857918; PUTWAIN PD, 1972, J ECOL, V60, P113, DOI 10.2307/2258045; GRANT MC, 1979, EVOLUTION, V33, P914, DOI 10.2307/2407654; CHARLESWORTH D, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P237, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.237; FREEMAN DC, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V47, P222, DOI 10.1007/BF00346825; DAWSON TE, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P798, DOI 10.2307/1940807; BAKER HG, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P149, DOI 10.1086/284260; BAWA KS, 1994, AM J BOT, V81, P456, DOI 10.2307/2445495; BRAM MR, 1998, THESIS RUTGERS U NEW; CLEMANTS SE, 1992, B NEW YORK STATE MUS, V485; CONN JS, 1981, B TORREY BOT CLUB, V108, P446, DOI 10.2307/2484445; CONN JS, 1981, B TORREY BOT CLUB, V108, P374, DOI 10.2307/2484717; Darwin CR, 1877, DIFFERENT FORMS FLOW; Dawson TE, 1999, GENDER SEXUAL DIMORP, P175; Delph L.F., 1999, GENDER SEXUAL DIMORP, P149; FREEMAN DC, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V93, P538, DOI 10.1007/BF00328963; FREEMAN DC, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V44, P410; GARCIA MB, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V101, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF00328901; JOHNSON T, 1997, STAR LEDGER 1007, P17; KORPELAINEN H, 1992, OECOLOGIA, V89, P133, DOI 10.1007/BF00319025; KORPELAINEN H, 1994, ANN BOT-LONDON, V74, P627, DOI 10.1006/anbo.1994.1164; KRISCHIK VA, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V83, P176; KRISCHIK VA, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V83, P182, DOI 10.1007/BF00317750; LEMEN C, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V45, P156, DOI 10.1007/BF00346454; LLOYD DG, 1982, AM NAT, V120, P571, DOI 10.1086/284014; DOUST JL, 1991, J ECOL, V79, P477, DOI 10.2307/2260727; MEAGHER TR, 1984, ANN MO BOT GARD, V71, P254, DOI 10.2307/2399069; MEAGHER TR, 1981, EVOLUTION, V35, P557, DOI 10.2307/2408202; MEAGHER TR, 1980, EVOLUTION, V34, P1127, DOI 10.2307/2408293; MEAGHER TR, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1690, DOI 10.2307/1940111; MILLER J, 1987, NEW PHYTOL, V107, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb02931.x; MUENCHOW GE, 1987, AM J BOT, V74, P287, DOI 10.2307/2444031; Purrington CB, 1998, J ECOL, V86, P397, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00262.x; QUINN JA, 1994, AM J BOT, V81, P1545, DOI 10.2307/2445331; QUINN JA, 1991, AM J BOT, V78, P481, DOI 10.2307/2445257; RENNER SS, 1995, AM J BOT, V82, P596, DOI 10.2307/2445418; RICHARDS AJ, 1986, PLANTS BREEDING SYST; SAKAI AK, 1991, AM J BOT, V78, P1280, DOI 10.2307/2444931; SAS, 1990, SAS STAT US GUID VER; *SAS, 1996, SAS SYST MICR WIND 9; SAUER JONATHAN, 1955, MADRONO, V13, P5\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"56\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"24\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"28\",\n \"Publisher\": \"BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"COLUMBUS\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0002-9122\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"AM J BOT\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"Am. J. Bot.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"NOV\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2000\",\n \"Volume\": \"87\",\n \"Issue\": \"11\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"1609\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"1618\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/2656737\",\n \"Page Count\": \"10\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"375EE\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000165385900008\",\n \"userid\": 68,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 6923,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Quinn, JA; Bram, MR; Taylor, TE\",\n \"Author Full Name\": \"Quinn, JA; Bram, MR; Taylor, TE\",\n \"Title\": \"Female resource allocation in response to pollen availability in plants from freshwater cared salt marsh populations of Amaranthus cannabinus\",\n \"Source\": \"JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY\",\n \"Language\": \"English\",\n \"Document Type\": \"Article\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"Amaranthus cannabinus; dioecy; pollen availability; resource allocation; sex expression\",\n \"Abstract\": \"Females of dioecious species could respond to pollen-limitation by extending their flowering period, by maximizing stigmatic surface area, or by producing stamens. Our objective was to determine female response to pollen availability in Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) Sauer, a dioecious annual. Plants from two southern New Jersey tidal marsh populations (fresh, FW; salt, SM) were grown under spring greenhouse conditions until initiation of Bower development. Females of each population were then paired as to height and vigor, and one of each pair was placed in a closed greenhouse room without males. The other females, surrounded by males, were placed in a comparable greenhouse room. One month later at harvest, seed-bearing plants were senescing, while pollen-deprived plants were green with clusters of turgid stigmas at the base of almost every petiole and branch as well as at the end of branches. There were no changes in sex expression; those females without pollen produced only female flowers. There were no significant differences in total biomass between treatments but striking differences in resource (biomass) allocation. Pollen-deprived plants allocated 61% (FW) and 37% (SM) more biomass to reproductive structures other than seeds. For plants from both populations, the pollen-deprived plants allocated at least 68% more to stems, and 37% (FW) and 57% (SM) more to leaves. Confirming the earlier senescence of the pollinated plants, leaf drop at the time of harvest was 24% (FW) and 33% (SM) greater. Overall, females of freshwater and salt marsh populations showed a similar pattern in their allocation responses to pollen availability.\",\n \"Author Address\": \"Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA\",\n \"Reprint Address\": \"Quinn, JA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.\",\n \"Cited References\": \"GREEN NE, 1969, J RANGE MANAGE, V22, P133, DOI 10.2307/3896199; ROACH DA, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P209, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.209; BRAM MR, 1998, THESIS RUTGERS U NEW; CLEMANTS SE, 1992, B STATE U NEW YORK, V485; Gleason H. A., 1991, MANUAL VASCULAR PLAN; Leck M. A., 1988, BARTONIA, V54, P1; LEMEN C, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V45, P156, DOI 10.1007/BF00346454; MCWILLIA.EL, 1968, ECOLOGY, V49, P290, DOI 10.2307/1934458; Miglia KJ, 1996, AM J BOT, V83, P326, DOI 10.2307/2446167; QUINN JA, 1972, AM J BOT, V59, P627, DOI 10.2307/2441026; *SAS I INC, 1996, SAS SYST MICR WIND 9; SAUER JONATHAN, 1955, MADRONO, V13, P5; Snedecor G. W., 1956, STAT METHODS; Willson MF, 1983, PLANT REPROD ECOLOGY\",\n \"Cited Reference Count\": \"14\",\n \"Times Cited\": \"2\",\n \"Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)\": \"2\",\n \"Publisher\": \"TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"LAWRENCE\",\n \"Publisher Address\": \"810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"J TORREY BOT SOC\",\n \"ISO Source Abbreviation\": \"J. Torrey Bot. Soc.\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"JAN-MAR\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2000\",\n \"Volume\": \"127\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"83\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"86\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/3088749\",\n \"Page Count\": \"4\",\n \"Web of Science Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Subject Category\": \"Plant Sciences\",\n \"Document Delivery Number\": \"289NH\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:000085628500008\",\n \"userid\": 68,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"misc\",\n \"question\": \"Miscellaneous notes\",\n \"value\": \"In Menzel and Lieth\"\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 5228,\n \"date\": \"2016-03-06T19:31:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:44.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Nyctaginaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Abronia\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"latifolia\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"Eschsch.\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"psammophile\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 15,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Barbour, M. G. and T. M. Dejong\",\n \"Title\": \"RESPONSE OF WEST COAST BEACH TAXA TO SALT SPRAY, SEAWATER INUNDATION, AND SOIL-SALINITY\",\n \"Source\": \"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"1977\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1977\",\n \"Volume\": \"104\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"29-34\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/2484662\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1977DD45000007\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 15,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Barbour, M. G. and T. M. Dejong 1977 Response of West Coast beach taxa - salt spray, seawater inundation, and soil salinity. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 104 (1) 29 - 34\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"Herbaceous perennial\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 15,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Barbour, M. G. and T. M. Dejong\",\n \"Title\": \"RESPONSE OF WEST COAST BEACH TAXA TO SALT SPRAY, SEAWATER INUNDATION, AND SOIL-SALINITY\",\n \"Source\": \"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"1977\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1977\",\n \"Volume\": \"104\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"29-34\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/2484662\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1977DD45000007\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 15,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Barbour, M. G. and T. M. Dejong 1977 Response of West Coast beach taxa - salt spray, seawater inundation, and soil salinity. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 104 (1) 29 - 34\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"C3\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"habitat\",\n \"question\": \"Habitat\",\n \"value\": \"B1 Coastal dunes and sandy shores\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"habitat\",\n \"question\": \"Habitat\",\n \"value\": \"B1.2 Sand beaches above the driftline\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 15,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Barbour, M. G. and T. M. Dejong\",\n \"Title\": \"RESPONSE OF WEST COAST BEACH TAXA TO SALT SPRAY, SEAWATER INUNDATION, AND SOIL-SALINITY\",\n \"Source\": \"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"1977\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1977\",\n \"Volume\": \"104\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"29-34\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/2484662\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1977DD45000007\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 15,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Barbour, M. G. and T. M. Dejong 1977 Response of West Coast beach taxa - salt spray, seawater inundation, and soil salinity. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 104 (1) 29 - 34\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Pacific (coast of) North America \"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"misc\",\n \"question\": \"Miscellaneous notes\",\n \"value\": \"Salt tolerance tested with salt spray and submergence in saline water . No growth data in Barbour and De Jong 1977.\\r\\n\\r\\nCopablepharon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae feed on this species which is also known as yellow sand verbena.Troubridge & Crabo,1995. \"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"references\",\n \"question\": \"Additional references\",\n \"value\": null,\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 15,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Barbour, M. G. and T. M. Dejong\",\n \"Title\": \"RESPONSE OF WEST COAST BEACH TAXA TO SALT SPRAY, SEAWATER INUNDATION, AND SOIL-SALINITY\",\n \"Source\": \"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0040-9618\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"1977\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1977\",\n \"Volume\": \"104\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"29-34\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.2307/2484662\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1977DD45000007\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 15,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Barbour, M. G. and T. M. Dejong 1977 Response of West Coast beach taxa - salt spray, seawater inundation, and soil salinity. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 104 (1) 29 - 34\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 79,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Doliner, L. H. and P. A. Jolliffe\",\n \"Title\": \"ECOLOGICAL EVIDENCE CONCERNING THE ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE C4 DICARBOXYLIC-ACID PATHWAY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS\",\n \"Source\": \"Oecologia\",\n \"Author Address\": \"UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT PLANT SCI,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT BOT,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA.\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0029-8549\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0029-8549\",\n \"29-Character Source Abbreviation\": \"Oecologia\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1979\",\n \"Volume\": \"38\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"23-34\",\n \"Digital Object Identifier (DOI)\": \"10.1007/bf00347821\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1979GG76000003\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 79,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Doliner, L. H. and P. A. Jolliffe 1979 Ecological evidence concerning the adaptive significance of the C4 dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis. Oecologia 38 23 - 34\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 5269,\n \"date\": \"2016-03-18T14:17:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:44.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Bignoniaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Amphitecna\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"latifolia\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"(Mill.) A.H.Gentry\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"hydrohalophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"Tree\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genotypes\",\n \"question\": \"Genotypes\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"germination\",\n \"question\": \"Germination\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"C3?\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"microbial\",\n \"question\": \"Microbial interactions and mycorrhizal status\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"bioremediation\",\n \"question\": \"Bioremediation\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"North and Central and South America\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 7037,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"J\",\n \"Authors\": \"Richardson, D. R.\",\n \"Title\": \"AMPHITECNA-LATIFOLIA BIGNONIACEAE IN FLORIDA USA\",\n \"Source\": \"Florida Scientist\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0098-4590\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0098-4590\",\n \"Publication Date\": \"1984\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1984\",\n \"Volume\": \"47\",\n \"Issue\": \"1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"73-75\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"BCI:BCI198427028465\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Tropical America \"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"misc\",\n \"question\": \"Miscellaneous notes\",\n \"value\": \"Is the accepted name for the synonym Enallagma latifolia\\r\\n\\r\\nEvidence for salt tolerance is slim - where it grows and salt tolerance is listed as 'moderate' in http://hort.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/amplata.pdf\\r\\n\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"references\",\n \"question\": \"Additional references\",\n \"value\": null,\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 62,\n \"type\": \"B\",\n \"Authors\": \"Donovan S. Correll; Helen B. Correll. With ill. by Priscilla Fawcett.\",\n \"Title\": \"Flora of the Bahama Archipelago : (including the Turks and Caicos Islands)\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Cramer\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Vaduz\",\n \"ISBN\": \"9783768212892\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1982\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 62,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Correll, D. S. and H. B. Correll 1982 Flora of the Bahamas archipelago: Including the Turks and Caicos islands Vaduz, Liechtenstein: J. Cramer. \\r\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 202,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Authors\": \"Morton, J. F. \",\n \"Editors\": \"Ed. by Martin Wiley.\",\n \"Title\": \"Estuarine processes\",\n \"Series\": \"[Third International Estuarine Research Conference ... Galveston, Texas, October 7-9, 1975]. \",\n \"Publisher\": \"Acad. Press\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"New York [u.a.]\",\n \"ISBN\": \" 9780127518015\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1976\",\n \"Volume\": \"Vol. 1\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"254\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"266\",\n \"Chapter Title\": \"Craft industries from coastal wetland vegetation\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 203,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Morton, J. F. 1976 Craft industries from coastal wetland vegetation. In Estuarine processes, Vol. 1, New York: Academic 254 - 266\\r\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 5282,\n \"date\": \"2016-03-23T09:46:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:44.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Amaranthaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Anabasis\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"eriopoda\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"(Schrenk) Paulsen\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"xerohalophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"Chaemaephyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genotypes\",\n \"question\": \"Genotypes\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"germination\",\n \"question\": \"Germination\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"C4\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"microbial\",\n \"question\": \"Microbial interactions and mycorrhizal status\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"bioremediation\",\n \"question\": \"Bioremediation\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Central Asia\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Khorasan province of Iran\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 4500,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"CH\",\n \"Authors\": \"Moghaddam, P. R. and A. Koocheki\",\n \"Book Author\": \"H. Leith and M. Mochtchenko\",\n \"Editors\": \"H. Leith and M. Mochtchenko\",\n \"Title\": \"A comprehensive survey of halophytes in Khorasan province of Iran\",\n \"Source\": \"Cash Crop halophytes Recent Studies\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Kluwer Academic Publishers\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Dordrecht Boston london\",\n \"ISSN\": \"1-4020-1202-0\",\n \"ISBN\": \"1-4020-1202-0\",\n \"Volume\": \"38\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"189-195\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"references\",\n \"question\": \"Additional references\",\n \"value\": null,\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 36,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Authors\": \"Breckle, S. W.\",\n \"Book Author\": \"D.W. Goodall and N. West,\",\n \"Editors\": \"ed. by Neil E. West.\",\n \"Title\": \"Temperate deserts and semideserts\",\n \"Series\": \"Ecosystems of the world\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co.\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Amsterdam u.a.\",\n \"ISBN\": \"9780444419316\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1983\",\n \"Volume\": \"5\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"271\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"319\",\n \"Chapter Title\": \"Temperate deserts and semi - deserts of Afghanistan and Iran\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 36,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Breckle, S. W. 1983 Temperate deserts and semi - deserts of Afghanistan and Iran. In Ecosystems of the world, Vol. 5, eds. D.W. Goodall and N. West, Amsterdam Elsevier 271 - 319\\r\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": 190,\n \"type\": \"B\",\n \"Authors\": \"Mason, H. C\",\n \"Title\": \"A flora of the marshes of California\",\n \"Publisher\": \"University of California\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Berkeley\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1957\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 191,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference\": \"Mason, H. C 1957 A flora of the marshes of California. Berkeley: University of California \\r\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 5285,\n \"date\": \"2016-03-28T08:46:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:44.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Amaranthaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Anabasis\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"ferganica\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"Drobow\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"planttype\",\n \"question\": \"Plant Type\",\n \"value\": \"xerohalophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"lifeform\",\n \"question\": \"Life Form\",\n \"value\": \"Chaemaephyte\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genotypes\",\n \"question\": \"Genotypes\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"germination\",\n \"question\": \"Germination\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"microbial\",\n \"question\": \"Microbial interactions and mycorrhizal status\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"bioremediation\",\n \"question\": \"Bioremediation\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Central Asia\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"misc\",\n \"question\": \"Miscellaneous notes\",\n \"value\": \"Listed as a halo=xerophyte in Toderich et al 2008\\r\\notherwise nothing published on this species\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 7102,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"CH\",\n \"Authors\": \"Toderich, K., S. Ismail, E. Juylova, A. Rabbimov, B. Beckchanov, E. Shyuskaya, L. Gismatullina, K. Osamu and T. Radjabov\",\n \"Book Author\": \"C. Abdelly, M. Ozturk, M. Ashraf and C. Grignon\",\n \"Editors\": \"C. Abdelly, M. Ozturk, M. Ashraf and C. Grignon\",\n \"Title\": \"New approaches for biosaline agriculture development, management and conservation of sandy desert ecosystems\",\n \"Source\": \"Biosaline Agriculture and High Salinity Tolerance\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Birkhauser Verlag\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Switzerland\",\n \"ISSN\": \"3764385545, 9783764385545\",\n \"ISBN\": \"3764385545, 9783764385545\",\n \"Year Published\": \"2008\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"247-264\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 5289,\n \"date\": \"2016-03-28T09:35:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:44.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Amaranthaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Anabasis\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"oropediorum\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"Maire\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genotypes\",\n \"question\": \"Genotypes\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"germination\",\n \"question\": \"Germination\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"microbial\",\n \"question\": \"Microbial interactions and mycorrhizal status\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"bioremediation\",\n \"question\": \"Bioremediation\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"economic_use\",\n \"question\": \"Economic Use\",\n \"value\": \"3300.0 Fodder\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 3236,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"B\",\n \"Authors\": \"Le Houerou, H. N.\",\n \"Book Author\": \"V. R. Squires and A. T. Ayoub\",\n \"Editors\": \"V. R. Squires and A. T. Ayoub\",\n \"Title\": \"Halophytes as a resource for livestock and for rehabilitation of degraded lands\",\n \"Source\": \"Halophytes as a Resource for Livestock and for Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"atriplexclassification of halophytesnonprotein nitrogenrain useefficiency\",\n \"Author Address\": \"CNRS,CEFE,F-34033 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Kluwer Academic Publisher\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Dordrecht\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0-7923-2664-4\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0-7923-2664-4\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1994\",\n \"Volume\": \"32\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"123\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"137\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1994BB88J00010\",\n \"Chapter Title\": \"FORAGE HALOPHYTES AND SALT-TOLERANT FODDER CROPS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"distribution_text\",\n \"question\": \"Distribution Text\",\n \"value\": \"Mditerranean region\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 3236,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"B\",\n \"Authors\": \"Le Houerou, H. N.\",\n \"Book Author\": \"V. R. Squires and A. T. Ayoub\",\n \"Editors\": \"V. R. Squires and A. T. Ayoub\",\n \"Title\": \"Halophytes as a resource for livestock and for rehabilitation of degraded lands\",\n \"Source\": \"Halophytes as a Resource for Livestock and for Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"atriplexclassification of halophytesnonprotein nitrogenrain useefficiency\",\n \"Author Address\": \"CNRS,CEFE,F-34033 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Kluwer Academic Publisher\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Dordrecht\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0-7923-2664-4\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0-7923-2664-4\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1994\",\n \"Volume\": \"32\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"123\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"137\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1994BB88J00010\",\n \"Chapter Title\": \"FORAGE HALOPHYTES AND SALT-TOLERANT FODDER CROPS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"misc\",\n \"question\": \"Miscellaneous notes\",\n \"value\": \"Only mentioned in Le Houerou 1994\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 3236,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"B\",\n \"Authors\": \"Le Houerou, H. N.\",\n \"Book Author\": \"V. R. Squires and A. T. Ayoub\",\n \"Editors\": \"V. R. Squires and A. T. Ayoub\",\n \"Title\": \"Halophytes as a resource for livestock and for rehabilitation of degraded lands\",\n \"Source\": \"Halophytes as a Resource for Livestock and for Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"atriplexclassification of halophytesnonprotein nitrogenrain useefficiency\",\n \"Author Address\": \"CNRS,CEFE,F-34033 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Kluwer Academic Publisher\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Dordrecht\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0-7923-2664-4\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0-7923-2664-4\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1994\",\n \"Volume\": \"32\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"123\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"137\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1994BB88J00010\",\n \"Chapter Title\": \"FORAGE HALOPHYTES AND SALT-TOLERANT FODDER CROPS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n },\n {\n \"id\": 5290,\n \"date\": \"2016-03-29T15:59:00.000000Z\",\n \"updated_at\": \"2022-09-15T09:21:44.000000Z\",\n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"family\",\n \"question\": \"Family\",\n \"value\": \"Amaranthaceae\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genus\",\n \"question\": \"Genus\",\n \"value\": \"Anabasis\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"species\",\n \"question\": \"Species\",\n \"value\": \"prostrata\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"author\",\n \"question\": \"Author\",\n \"value\": \"Pomel\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"genotypes\",\n \"question\": \"Genotypes\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"germination\",\n \"question\": \"Germination\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"glands\",\n \"question\": \"Salt glands and bladders\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"pho_path\",\n \"question\": \"Photosynthetic Pathway\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"microbial\",\n \"question\": \"Microbial interactions and mycorrhizal status\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"bioremediation\",\n \"question\": \"Bioremediation\",\n \"value\": \"unknown\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"misc\",\n \"question\": \"Miscellaneous notes\",\n \"value\": \"From Menzel and Lieth based on Le Houerou 1994\\r\\nNo other information available in WoS as of 29 March 2016\",\n \"references\": [\n {\n \"id\": 3236,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"Publication Type\": \"B\",\n \"Authors\": \"Le Houerou, H. N.\",\n \"Book Author\": \"V. R. Squires and A. T. Ayoub\",\n \"Editors\": \"V. R. Squires and A. T. Ayoub\",\n \"Title\": \"Halophytes as a resource for livestock and for rehabilitation of degraded lands\",\n \"Source\": \"Halophytes as a Resource for Livestock and for Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands\",\n \"Author Keywords\": \"atriplexclassification of halophytesnonprotein nitrogenrain useefficiency\",\n \"Author Address\": \"CNRS,CEFE,F-34033 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE\",\n \"Publisher\": \"Kluwer Academic Publisher\",\n \"Publisher City\": \"Dordrecht\",\n \"ISSN\": \"0-7923-2664-4\",\n \"ISBN\": \"0-7923-2664-4\",\n \"Year Published\": \"1994\",\n \"Volume\": \"32\",\n \"Beginning Page\": \"123\",\n \"Ending Page\": \"137\",\n \"Unique Article Identifier\": \"WOS:A1994BB88J00010\",\n \"Chapter Title\": \"FORAGE HALOPHYTES AND SALT-TOLERANT FODDER CROPS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"Aronsons's Original Reference ID\": 0,\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26T14:06:27.000000Z\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"images\": []\n }\n ],\n \"links\": {\n \"first\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=1\",\n \"last\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=80\",\n \"prev\": null,\n \"next\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=2\"\n },\n \"meta\": {\n \"current_page\": 1,\n \"from\": 1,\n \"last_page\": 80,\n \"links\": [\n {\n \"url\": null,\n \"label\": \"« Previous\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=1\",\n \"label\": \"1\",\n \"active\": true\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=2\",\n \"label\": \"2\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=3\",\n \"label\": \"3\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=4\",\n \"label\": \"4\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=5\",\n \"label\": \"5\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=6\",\n \"label\": \"6\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=7\",\n \"label\": \"7\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=8\",\n \"label\": \"8\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=9\",\n \"label\": \"9\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=10\",\n \"label\": \"10\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": null,\n \"label\": \"...\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=79\",\n \"label\": \"79\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=80\",\n \"label\": \"80\",\n \"active\": false\n },\n {\n \"url\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?page=2\",\n \"label\": \"Next »\",\n \"active\": false\n }\n ],\n \"path\": \"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants\",\n \"per_page\": 15,\n \"to\": 15,\n \"total\": 1194\n }\n}"}],"_postman_id":"109f706d-1a96-4f38-ae52-658c4da0f256"},{"name":"plants/{searchitems}","id":"bd1433f4-9b66-4db0-bdc0-346870c95f59","protocolProfileBehavior":{"disableBodyPruning":true},"request":{"method":"GET","header":[],"url":"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/plants?family=poaceae&genus=Parapholis&species=strigosa","description":"Search for a subset of plants filtered by search parameters in the endpoint uri.
\nThe wildcard character * may also be used.
\nSome examples
/plants?distribution_text=*North*
/plants?author=*Mill*&species=latifolia
/plants?author=*Mill*&glands=unknown&distribution_text=*Tropical America*
Specific Date
/plants?date=2023-10-03
/plants?updated_at=2024-01-25
Date range
/plants?date=2023-10-03,2024-12-23
This will find any plants where the date (created at) value is between (inclusive) the two given dates
/plants?updated_at=2024-01-01,2025-09-05
This will find any plants where the updated_at value is between (inclusive) the two given dates
Search for a plants sorted by the sort parameter in the endpoint uri.
To reverse the sort prefix the sort filed with a -
E.g. plants?sort=-genus
Return reference data by id
\n","urlObject":{"path":["api","v1","references","1000"],"host":["https://ehaloph.uc.pt"],"query":[],"variable":[]}},"response":[{"id":"0ec6bb66-04b3-41f4-a4d7-cbd385e5ec42","name":"references/{id}","originalRequest":{"method":"GET","header":[],"url":"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/references/1000"},"status":"OK","code":200,"_postman_previewlanguage":"json","header":[{"key":"Server","value":"nginx"},{"key":"Date","value":"Tue, 01 Apr 2025 07:47:11 GMT"},{"key":"Content-Type","value":"application/json"},{"key":"Transfer-Encoding","value":"chunked"},{"key":"Connection","value":"keep-alive"},{"key":"X-Powered-By","value":"PHP/8.2.25"},{"key":"Cache-Control","value":"private, must-revalidate"},{"key":"pragma","value":"no-cache"},{"key":"expires","value":"-1"},{"key":"X-RateLimit-Limit","value":"40"},{"key":"X-RateLimit-Remaining","value":"38"},{"key":"Strict-Transport-Security","value":"max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains"},{"key":"Access-Control-Allow-Origin","value":"*"}],"cookie":[],"responseTime":null,"body":"{\n \"data\": {\n \"id_pub\": 1000,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"PT\": \"J\",\n \"AU\": \"Baumberger, T., L. Affre, T. Croze and F. Mesleard\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"Habitat requirements and population structure of the rare endangered Limonium girardianum in Mediterranean salt marshes\",\n \"SO\": \"Flora\",\n \"SE\": \"\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"\",\n \"DT\": \"\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"Conservation\\r\\nFlooding regime\\r\\nGranulometry\\r\\nHuman-driven ecosystem\\r\\nalterations\\r\\nPopulation renewal\\r\\nRestoration\\r\\nplant zonation\\r\\nseed-germination\\r\\nphysical factors\\r\\nrapd markers\\r\\nsalinity\\r\\nplumbaginaceae\\r\\nsoil\\r\\ncompetition\\r\\nhalophytes\\r\\nwater\",\n \"ID\": \"\",\n \"AB\": \"The sea lavender Limonium girardianum (Cuss.) Fourr. is endemic to the Mediterranean salt marshes of the French and Spanish coasts. Most of the salt marshes where L girardianum occurs are exposed to human disturbance, in particular due to industrial expansion. To determine the ecological conditions favorable to the development of L girardianum, we used a set of permanent plots distributed along a topographical gradient in eleven French salt marshes. We monitored intensity of flooding, water table depth, soil moisture, soil salinity and granulometry. We investigated (i) the abiotic and biotic requirements for L girardianum and (ii) the effects of environmental conditions on the population structure of L girardianum. We found a unimodal response of L girardianum species to flooding, salt and soil moisture gradients. Soil texture modulated the effects of flooding and drought on the presence of the species. Furthermore, flooding induced population renewal, i.e. the highest seedling emergence and adult mortality. We recorded low seedling emergence in higher topographical positions. Proportions of seedlings were lowest on saltier soils and highest in flooded areas and on coarse sand. Prolonged flooding is likely to induce population renewal as long as remaining individuals are capable of reconstituting viable populations. To suggest efficient intermediate and long-term conservation strategies for L girardianum, it will be necessary to consider the role of human-driven changes in salt marshes with regard to hydrology and control of the vegetation. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier GmbH.\",\n \"C1\": \"[Baumberger, Teddy; Affre, Laurence; Croze, Thomas] Paul Cezanne Univ, Mediterranean Inst Ecol & Paleoecol, CNRS, UMR 6116, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. [Baumberger, Teddy; Mesleard, Francois] Tour du Valat Res Ctr, FR-13200 Arles, France. [Mesleard, Francois] Avignon Univ, Mediterranean Inst Ecol & Paleoecol, CNRS, UMR 6116,IUT, Avignon, France.\\r\\nBaumberger, T (reprint author), Paul Cezanne Univ, Mediterranean Inst Ecol & Paleoecol, CNRS, UMR 6116, Ave Escadrille Normandie Niemen,Case 421, F-13397 Marseille 20, France\\r\\nteddy.baumberger@univ-cezanne.fr; laurence.affre@univ-cezanne.fr; thomascroze@laposte.net; mesleard@tourduvalat.org\",\n \"RP\": \"\",\n \"EM\": \"\",\n \"RI\": \"\",\n \"OI\": \"\",\n \"FU\": \"\",\n \"FX\": \"\",\n \"CR\": \"\",\n \"NR\": \"\",\n \"TC\": \"\",\n \"Z9\": \"\",\n \"PU\": \"\",\n \"PI\": \"\",\n \"PA\": \"\",\n \"SN\": \"0367-2530\",\n \"BN\": \"0367-2530\",\n \"J9\": \"Flora\",\n \"JI\": \"\",\n \"PD\": \"\",\n \"PY\": \"2012\",\n \"VL\": \"207\",\n \"IS\": \"4\",\n \"PN\": \"\",\n \"SU\": \"\",\n \"SI\": \"\",\n \"MA\": \"\",\n \"BP\": \"283-293\",\n \"EP\": \"\",\n \"AR\": \"\",\n \"DI\": \"10.1016/j.flora.2011.11.008\",\n \"D2\": \"\",\n \"PG\": \"\",\n \"WC\": \"\",\n \"SC\": \"\",\n \"GA\": \"\",\n \"UT\": \"WOS:000304898500006\",\n \"chapter_title\": \"\",\n \"edition\": \"\",\n \"nationality\": \"\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 1,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"file\": \"\",\n \"file_publico\": \"\",\n \"capa\": \"\",\n \"link\": \"\",\n \"original_aronson_id\": 0,\n \"original_aronson\": \"\",\n \"searchterms\": \"J Baumberger, T., L. Affre, T. Croze and F. Mesleard Habitat requirements and population structure of the rare endangered Limonium girardianum in Mediterranean salt marshes Flora Conservation Flooding regime Granulometry Human-driven ecosystem alterations Population renewal Restoration plant zonation seed-germination physical factors rapd markers salinity plumbaginaceae soil competition halophytes water The sea lavender Limonium girardianum (Cuss.) Fourr. is endemic to the Mediterranean salt marshes of the French and Spanish coasts. Most of the salt marshes where L girardianum occurs are exposed to human disturbance, in particular due to industrial expansion. To determine the ecological conditions favorable to the development of L girardianum, we used a set of permanent plots distributed along a topographical gradient in eleven French salt marshes. We monitored intensity of flooding, water table depth, soil moisture, soil salinity and granulometry. We investigated (i) the abiotic and biotic requirements for L girardianum and (ii) the effects of environmental conditions on the population structure of L girardianum. We found a unimodal response of L girardianum species to flooding, salt and soil moisture gradients. Soil texture modulated the effects of flooding and drought on the presence of the species. Furthermore, flooding induced population renewal, i.e. the highest seedling emergence and adult mortality. We recorded low seedling emergence in higher topographical positions. Proportions of seedlings were lowest on saltier soils and highest in flooded areas and on coarse sand. Prolonged flooding is likely to induce population renewal as long as remaining individuals are capable of reconstituting viable populations. To suggest efficient intermediate and long-term conservation strategies for L girardianum, it will be necessary to consider the role of human-driven changes in salt marshes with regard to hydrology and control of the vegetation. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier GmbH. [Baumberger, Teddy; Affre, Laurence; Croze, Thomas] Paul Cezanne Univ, Mediterranean Inst Ecol & Paleoecol, CNRS, UMR 6116, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. [Baumberger, Teddy; Mesleard, Francois] Tour du Valat Res Ctr, FR-13200 Arles, France. [Mesleard, Francois] Avignon Univ, Mediterranean Inst Ecol & Paleoecol, CNRS, UMR 6116,IUT, Avignon, France. Baumberger, T (reprint author), Paul Cezanne Univ, Mediterranean Inst Ecol & Paleoecol, CNRS, UMR 6116, Ave Escadrille Normandie Niemen,Case 421, F-13397 Marseille 20, France teddy.baumberger@univ-cezanne.fr; laurence.affre@univ-cezanne.fr; thomascroze@laposte.net; mesleard@tourduvalat.org 0367-2530 0367-2530 Flora 2012 207 4 283-293 10.1016/j.flora.2011.11.008 WOS:000304898500006\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n }\n}"}],"_postman_id":"453673c0-ade7-46c4-a977-8871352532ae"},{"name":"references","id":"33266c65-41d4-44ef-8e0b-2fd70c1cf6ef","protocolProfileBehavior":{"disableBodyPruning":true},"request":{"method":"GET","header":[],"url":"https://ehaloph.uc.pt/api/v1/references","description":"Return all references (paginated)
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Glasgow: University Press. \\r\",\n \"searchterms\": \" Adams, C.D. Flowering Plants of Jamaica University Press Glasgow 1972 \",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 9487,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"PT\": \"J\",\n \"AU\": \"Rios, I; Bouza, PJ; Bortolus, A; Alvarez, MD\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"Rios, Ileana; Jose Bouza, Pablo; Bortolus, Alejandro; del Pilar Alvarez, Maria\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"Soil-geomorphology relationships and landscape evolution in a southwestern Atlantic tidal salt marsh in Patagonia, Argentina\",\n \"SO\": \"JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES\",\n \"SE\": \"\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"English\",\n \"DT\": \"Article\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"Hydromorphic soils; Grain-size distribution; Semi-desert salt marsh; Carbon stable isotopes; Vascular plants\",\n \"ID\": \"ACID SULFATE SOILS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PENINSULA VALDES; ORGANIC MATERIAL; PLANT ZONATION; C/N RATIOS; SEA-LEVEL; CARBON; VEGETATION\",\n \"AB\": \"Salt marshes in Patagonia ecosystem are nowadays fully recognized by ecological, pollution and phytoremediation studies but a soil genesis and geomorphology approach is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to establish the soil-geomorphology relationship in Fracasso salt marsh and to determine the successional vegetation dynamics associated with the landscape evolution. This work was carried out in Fracasso salt marsh sited in Peninsula Valdes, Argentina, where an integrated study on soil-geomorphology relationship and landscape evolution was performed along with sedimentological analysis and vegetation changes (C3 photosynthesis pathway vs. C4 photosynthesis pathway plants). This last was determined through the delta C-13 composition from soil organic matter (SOM). Soil descriptions and laboratory analysis of soil samples were performed. A marked relationship between the vegetation unit, the dominant landform and the type of associated soil was found. Limoniwn brasiliense (Lb) and Sarcocornia perennis (Sp), both C3 plants, are dominant in levees associated with tidal creeks, and soils were classified as Typic Fluvaquents, while Spartina alterniflora (Sa) soils were classified as Sodic Endoaquents and Sodic Psammaquents. Although no sulfidic materials were identified by incubation test, they were identified by hydrogen peroxide treatment in Sa soils, and now are considered potential acid sulfate soils (PASS). Sedimentological analysis from deepest sandy C horizons indicates a beach depositional environment. 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We also greatly appreciate the reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This work is based on the Doctoral Thesis defended by the first author at the Universidad Nacional de Cordoba in 2015. This research has been funded by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (CONICET, Grant number: PIP 2014 00190 CO, and 191) and Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (Grant number: PICT 2013-1876).\",\n \"CR\": \"\",\n \"NR\": \"77\",\n \"TC\": \"0\",\n \"Z9\": \"0\",\n \"PU\": \"PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD\",\n \"PI\": \"OXFORD\",\n \"PA\": \"THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND\",\n \"SN\": \"0895-9811\",\n \"BN\": \"\",\n \"J9\": \"J S AM EARTH SCI\",\n \"JI\": \"J. South Am. 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The aim of this study was to establish the soil-geomorphology relationship in Fracasso salt marsh and to determine the successional vegetation dynamics associated with the landscape evolution. This work was carried out in Fracasso salt marsh sited in Peninsula Valdes, Argentina, where an integrated study on soil-geomorphology relationship and landscape evolution was performed along with sedimentological analysis and vegetation changes (C3 photosynthesis pathway vs. C4 photosynthesis pathway plants). This last was determined through the delta C-13 composition from soil organic matter (SOM). Soil descriptions and laboratory analysis of soil samples were performed. A marked relationship between the vegetation unit, the dominant landform and the type of associated soil was found. Limoniwn brasiliense (Lb) and Sarcocornia perennis (Sp), both C3 plants, are dominant in levees associated with tidal creeks, and soils were classified as Typic Fluvaquents, while Spartina alterniflora (Sa) soils were classified as Sodic Endoaquents and Sodic Psammaquents. Although no sulfidic materials were identified by incubation test, they were identified by hydrogen peroxide treatment in Sa soils, and now are considered potential acid sulfate soils (PASS). Sedimentological analysis from deepest sandy C horizons indicates a beach depositional environment. On the other hand, the delta C-13 stable isotope composition of SOM preserved into these buried soil acting as parent materials shows the dominance of C4 plants presumably belonging to Swarm species, suggesting a possible colonization and stabilization as the pioneer salt marsh. [Rios, Ileana; Jose Bouza, Pablo; Bortolus, Alejandro; del Pilar Alvarez, Maria] Inst Patagon El Estudio Ecosistemas Continentales, Blvd Brown 2825,CP U9120 ACF, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina Rios, I (reprint author), Inst Patagon El Estudio Ecosistemas Continentales, Blvd Brown 2825,CP U9120 ACF, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. irios@cenpat-conicet.gob.ar Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (CONICET) [PIP 2014 00190 CO, 191]; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica [PICT 2013-1876] The authors wish to thank Claudia Sain and Estela Cortes for their exceptional assistance at fieldwork and laboratory. We also greatly appreciate the reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This work is based on the Doctoral Thesis defended by the first author at the Universidad Nacional de Cordoba in 2015. This research has been funded by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (CONICET, Grant number: PIP 2014 00190 CO, and 191) and Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (Grant number: PICT 2013-1876). 77 0 0 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND 0895-9811 J S AM EARTH SCI J. South Am. Earth Sci. JUL 2018 84 385 398 10.1016/j.jsames.2018.04.015 14 Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Geology GJ1SW WOS:000435049100027\",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 3,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"PT\": \"J\",\n \"AU\": \"Agami, M., A. Eshel and Y. 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Ismail and D. Khan. 1986 Use of highly saline underground water for irrigation at sandy soils. Paper presented at the U.S. - Pakistan Biosaline Research Workshop, September 1985. \\r\",\n \"searchterms\": \" Ahmad, R., S. Ismail and D. Khan Use of highly saline underground water for irrigation at sandy soils Pakistan Biosaline Research Workshop Paper presented at the U.S. September 1985 1986 \",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 5,\n \"type\": \"B\",\n \"PT\": \"\",\n \"AU\": \"Airy Shaw, H.K\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"Willis: A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns.\",\n \"SO\": \"\",\n \"SE\": \"\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"\",\n \"DT\": \"\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"\",\n \"ID\": \"\",\n \"AB\": \"\",\n \"C1\": \"\",\n \"RP\": \"\",\n \"EM\": \"\",\n \"RI\": \"\",\n \"OI\": \"\",\n \"FU\": \"\",\n \"FX\": \"\",\n \"CR\": \"\",\n \"NR\": \"\",\n \"TC\": \"\",\n \"Z9\": \"\",\n \"PU\": \"\",\n \"PI\": \"London Cambridge\",\n \"PA\": \"\",\n \"SN\": \"\",\n \"BN\": \"\",\n \"J9\": \"\",\n \"JI\": \"\",\n \"PD\": \"\",\n \"PY\": \"1973\",\n \"VL\": \"\",\n \"IS\": \"\",\n \"PN\": \"\",\n \"SU\": \"\",\n \"SI\": \"\",\n \"MA\": \"\",\n \"BP\": \"\",\n \"EP\": \"\",\n \"AR\": \"\",\n \"DI\": \"\",\n \"D2\": \"\",\n \"PG\": \"\",\n \"WC\": \"\",\n \"SC\": \"\",\n \"GA\": \"\",\n \"UT\": \"\",\n \"chapter_title\": \"\",\n \"edition\": \"8th ed.\",\n \"nationality\": \"\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"file\": \"\",\n \"file_publico\": \"\",\n \"capa\": \"\",\n \"link\": \"\",\n \"original_aronson_id\": 5,\n \"original_aronson\": \"Airy Shaw, H.K 1973 Willis: A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns. 8th ed. London Cambridge. \\r\",\n \"searchterms\": \" Airy Shaw, H.K Willis: A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns. London Cambridge 1973 \",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 6,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"PT\": \"\",\n \"AU\": \"Albar, Y.\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"Albar, Y. Personal communication\",\n \"SO\": \"\",\n \"SE\": \"\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"\",\n \"DT\": \"\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"ARO, Bet Dagan, Israel\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"\",\n \"ID\": \"\",\n \"AB\": \"\",\n \"C1\": \"\",\n \"RP\": \"\",\n \"EM\": \"\",\n \"RI\": \"\",\n \"OI\": \"\",\n \"FU\": \"\",\n \"FX\": \"\",\n \"CR\": \"\",\n \"NR\": \"\",\n \"TC\": \"\",\n \"Z9\": \"\",\n \"PU\": \"\",\n \"PI\": \"\",\n \"PA\": \"\",\n \"SN\": \"\",\n \"BN\": \"\",\n \"J9\": \"\",\n \"JI\": \"\",\n \"PD\": \"\",\n \"PY\": \"1984\",\n \"VL\": \"\",\n \"IS\": \"\",\n \"PN\": \"\",\n \"SU\": \"\",\n \"SI\": \"\",\n \"MA\": \"\",\n \"BP\": \"\",\n \"EP\": \"\",\n \"AR\": \"\",\n \"DI\": \"\",\n \"D2\": \"\",\n \"PG\": \"\",\n \"WC\": \"\",\n \"SC\": \"\",\n \"GA\": \"\",\n \"UT\": \"\",\n \"chapter_title\": \"\",\n \"edition\": \"\",\n \"nationality\": \"\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"file\": \"\",\n \"file_publico\": \"\",\n \"capa\": \"\",\n \"link\": \"\",\n \"original_aronson_id\": 6,\n \"original_aronson\": \" Albar, Y. 1984 Personal communication. ARO, Bet Dagan, Israel. \",\n \"searchterms\": \" Albar, Y. Albar, Y. Personal communication ARO, Bet Dagan, Israel 1984 \",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 7,\n \"type\": \"R\",\n \"PT\": \"\",\n \"AU\": \"Aronson, J.A.\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"Halophytes of Central America and the Caribbean Region\",\n \"SO\": \"\",\n \"SE\": \"Report No BGUN - ARI - 9 - 82\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"\",\n \"DT\": \"\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"\",\n \"ID\": \"\",\n \"AB\": \"\",\n \"C1\": \"\",\n \"RP\": \"\",\n \"EM\": \"\",\n \"RI\": \"\",\n \"OI\": \"\",\n \"FU\": \"\",\n \"FX\": \"\",\n \"CR\": \"\",\n \"NR\": \"\",\n \"TC\": \"\",\n \"Z9\": \"\",\n \"PU\": \"R and D Authority, Ben Gurion University of the Negev.\",\n \"PI\": \"Beer-Sheva, Israel\",\n \"PA\": \"\",\n \"SN\": \"\",\n \"BN\": \"\",\n \"J9\": \"\",\n \"JI\": \"\",\n \"PD\": \"\",\n \"PY\": \"1982\",\n \"VL\": \"\",\n \"IS\": \"\",\n \"PN\": \"\",\n \"SU\": \"\",\n \"SI\": \"\",\n \"MA\": \"\",\n \"BP\": \"\",\n \"EP\": \"\",\n \"AR\": \"\",\n \"DI\": \"\",\n \"D2\": \"\",\n \"PG\": \"\",\n \"WC\": \"\",\n \"SC\": \"\",\n \"GA\": \"\",\n \"UT\": \"\",\n \"chapter_title\": \"\",\n \"edition\": \"\",\n \"nationality\": \"\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"file\": \"\",\n \"file_publico\": \"\",\n \"capa\": \"\",\n \"link\": \"\",\n \"original_aronson_id\": 7,\n \"original_aronson\": \"Aronson, J.A. 1982 Halophytes of Central America and the Caribbean Region. R and D Authority, Ben Gurion University of the Negev. Report No BGUN - ARI - 9 - 82 Beer-Sheva, Israel\\r\",\n \"searchterms\": \" Aronson, J.A. Halophytes of Central America and the Caribbean Region Report No BGUN - ARI - 9 - 82 R and D Authority, Ben Gurion University of the Negev. Beer-Sheva, Israel 1982 \",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 8,\n \"type\": \"R\",\n \"PT\": \"\",\n \"AU\": \"Aronson, J.A.\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"Preliminary report on halophyte and desert plant collection in Northwest India, March - April, 1982\",\n \"SO\": \"\",\n \"SE\": \"\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"\",\n \"DT\": \"\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"\",\n \"ID\": \"\",\n \"AB\": \"\",\n \"C1\": \"\",\n \"RP\": \"\",\n \"EM\": \"\",\n \"RI\": \"\",\n \"OI\": \"\",\n \"FU\": \"\",\n \"FX\": \"\",\n \"CR\": \"\",\n \"NR\": \"\",\n \"TC\": \"\",\n \"Z9\": \"\",\n \"PU\": \"R and D Authority, Ben Gurion University of the Negev\",\n \"PI\": \"Beer - Sheva, Israel\",\n \"PA\": \"\",\n \"SN\": \"\",\n \"BN\": \"\",\n \"J9\": \"\",\n \"JI\": \"\",\n \"PD\": \"\",\n \"PY\": \"1982\",\n \"VL\": \"\",\n \"IS\": \"\",\n \"PN\": \"\",\n \"SU\": \"\",\n \"SI\": \"\",\n \"MA\": \"\",\n \"BP\": \"\",\n \"EP\": \"\",\n \"AR\": \"\",\n \"DI\": \"\",\n \"D2\": \"\",\n \"PG\": \"\",\n \"WC\": \"\",\n \"SC\": \"\",\n \"GA\": \"\",\n \"UT\": \"\",\n \"chapter_title\": \"\",\n \"edition\": \"\",\n \"nationality\": \"\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"file\": \"\",\n \"file_publico\": \"\",\n \"capa\": \"\",\n \"link\": \"\",\n \"original_aronson_id\": 8,\n \"original_aronson\": \"Aronson, J.A. 1982 Preliminary report on halophyte and desert plant collection in Northwest India, March - April, 1982. R and D Authority, Ben Gurion University of the Negev. Beer - Sheva, Israel. \\r\",\n \"searchterms\": \" Aronson, J.A. Preliminary report on halophyte and desert plant collection in Northwest India, March - April, 1982 R and D Authority, Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer - Sheva, Israel 1982 \",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 9,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"PT\": \"\",\n \"AU\": \"Aronson, J.A.\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"editors, G.E. Wickens, J.R. Goodin, D.V. Field.\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"Plants for arid lands : proceedings of the Kew International Conference on Economic Plants for Arid Lands held in the Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, 23-27 July 1984\",\n \"SO\": \"\",\n \"SE\": \"\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"\",\n \"DT\": \"\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"\",\n \"ID\": \"\",\n \"AB\": \"\",\n \"C1\": \"\",\n \"RP\": \"\",\n \"EM\": \"\",\n \"RI\": \"\",\n \"OI\": \"\",\n \"FU\": \"\",\n \"FX\": \"\",\n \"CR\": \"\",\n \"NR\": \"\",\n \"TC\": \"\",\n \"Z9\": \"\",\n \"PU\": \"Allen & Unwin\",\n \"PI\": \"London\",\n \"PA\": \"\",\n \"SN\": \"\",\n \"BN\": \"9780045810192\",\n \"J9\": \"\",\n \"JI\": \"\",\n \"PD\": \"\",\n \"PY\": \"1985\",\n \"VL\": \"\",\n \"IS\": \"\",\n \"PN\": \"\",\n \"SU\": \"\",\n \"SI\": \"\",\n \"MA\": \"\",\n \"BP\": \"177\",\n \"EP\": \"188\",\n \"AR\": \"\",\n \"DI\": \"\",\n \"D2\": \"\",\n \"PG\": \"\",\n \"WC\": \"\",\n \"SC\": \"\",\n \"GA\": \"\",\n \"UT\": \"\",\n \"chapter_title\": \"Economic halophytes - a global review\",\n \"edition\": \"1. publ.\",\n \"nationality\": \"\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"file\": \"\",\n \"file_publico\": \"\",\n \"capa\": \"\",\n \"link\": \"\",\n \"original_aronson_id\": 9,\n \"original_aronson\": \"Aronson, J.A. 1985 Economic halophytes - a global review. In Plants for arid lands, eds. G. E. Wickens, J. R. Goodin and D. V. Field, London George Allen and Unwin. 177 - 188\",\n \"searchterms\": \" Aronson, J.A. editors, G.E. Wickens, J.R. Goodin, D.V. Field. Plants for arid lands : proceedings of the Kew International Conference on Economic Plants for Arid Lands held in the Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, 23-27 July 1984 Allen & Unwin London 9780045810192 1985 177 188 \",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 10,\n \"type\": \"OT\",\n \"PT\": \"\",\n \"AU\": \"Aronson, J.A.\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"Halophytes - new crops for deserts and coastal areas. Rome: FAO, CERES. Unpublished manuscript. \",\n \"SO\": \"\",\n \"SE\": \"\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"\",\n \"DT\": \"\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"\",\n \"ID\": \"\",\n \"AB\": \"\",\n \"C1\": \"\",\n \"RP\": \"\",\n \"EM\": \"\",\n \"RI\": \"\",\n \"OI\": \"\",\n \"FU\": \"\",\n \"FX\": \"\",\n \"CR\": \"\",\n \"NR\": \"\",\n \"TC\": \"\",\n \"Z9\": \"\",\n \"PU\": \"\",\n \"PI\": \"\",\n \"PA\": \"\",\n \"SN\": \"\",\n \"BN\": \"\",\n \"J9\": \"\",\n \"JI\": \"\",\n \"PD\": \"\",\n \"PY\": \"\",\n \"VL\": \"\",\n \"IS\": \"\",\n \"PN\": \"\",\n \"SU\": \"\",\n \"SI\": \"\",\n \"MA\": \"\",\n \"BP\": \"\",\n \"EP\": \"\",\n \"AR\": \"\",\n \"DI\": \"\",\n \"D2\": \"\",\n \"PG\": \"\",\n \"WC\": \"\",\n \"SC\": \"\",\n \"GA\": \"\",\n \"UT\": \"\",\n \"chapter_title\": \"\",\n \"edition\": \"\",\n \"nationality\": \"\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"file\": \"\",\n \"file_publico\": \"\",\n \"capa\": \"\",\n \"link\": \"\",\n \"original_aronson_id\": 10,\n \"original_aronson\": \"Aronson, J.A. Halophytes - new crops for deserts and coastal areas. Rome: FAO, CERES. Unpublished manuscript. \\r\",\n \"searchterms\": \" Aronson, J.A. Halophytes - new crops for deserts and coastal areas. Rome: FAO, CERES. Unpublished manuscript. \",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 11,\n \"type\": \"OT\",\n \"PT\": \"\",\n \"AU\": \"Aronson, J.A\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"Unpublished data (1981 - 88). \",\n \"SO\": \"\",\n \"SE\": \"\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"\",\n \"DT\": \"\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"\",\n \"ID\": \"\",\n \"AB\": \"\",\n \"C1\": \"\",\n \"RP\": \"\",\n \"EM\": \"\",\n \"RI\": \"\",\n \"OI\": \"\",\n \"FU\": \"\",\n \"FX\": \"\",\n \"CR\": \"\",\n \"NR\": \"\",\n \"TC\": \"\",\n \"Z9\": \"\",\n \"PU\": \"\",\n \"PI\": \"\",\n \"PA\": \"\",\n \"SN\": \"\",\n \"BN\": \"\",\n \"J9\": \"\",\n \"JI\": \"\",\n \"PD\": \"\",\n \"PY\": \"\",\n \"VL\": \"\",\n \"IS\": \"\",\n \"PN\": \"\",\n \"SU\": \"\",\n \"SI\": \"\",\n \"MA\": \"\",\n \"BP\": \"\",\n \"EP\": \"\",\n \"AR\": \"\",\n \"DI\": \"\",\n \"D2\": \"\",\n \"PG\": \"\",\n \"WC\": \"\",\n \"SC\": \"\",\n \"GA\": \"\",\n \"UT\": \"\",\n \"chapter_title\": \"\",\n \"edition\": \"\",\n \"nationality\": \"\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"file\": \"\",\n \"file_publico\": \"\",\n \"capa\": \"\",\n \"link\": \"\",\n \"original_aronson_id\": 11,\n \"original_aronson\": \"Aronson, J.A.. Unpublished data (1981 - 88). \\r\",\n \"searchterms\": \" Aronson, J.A Unpublished data (1981 - 88). \",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 12,\n \"type\": \"CH\",\n \"PT\": \"\",\n \"AU\": \"Aronson, J.A., D. Pasternak and A. Danon.\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"edited by Emily E. Whitehead, C. F. Hutchinson, B. N. Timmermann and R. G. Varady\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"Arid lands : today and tomorrow : proceedings of an international research and development conference, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A., October 20-25, 1985\",\n \"SO\": \"\",\n \"SE\": \"\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"\",\n \"DT\": \"\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"\",\n \"ID\": \"\",\n \"AB\": \"\",\n \"C1\": \"\",\n \"RP\": \"\",\n \"EM\": \"\",\n \"RI\": \"\",\n \"OI\": \"\",\n \"FU\": \"\",\n \"FX\": \"\",\n \"CR\": \"\",\n \"NR\": \"\",\n \"TC\": \"\",\n \"Z9\": \"\",\n \"PU\": \"Westview Press\",\n \"PI\": \"Boulder, Colo.\",\n \"PA\": \"\",\n \"SN\": \"\",\n \"BN\": \"\",\n \"J9\": \"\",\n \"JI\": \"\",\n \"PD\": \"\",\n \"PY\": \"1988\",\n \"VL\": \"\",\n \"IS\": \"\",\n \"PN\": \"\",\n \"SU\": \"\",\n \"SI\": \"\",\n \"MA\": \"\",\n \"BP\": \"737\",\n \"EP\": \"746\",\n \"AR\": \"\",\n \"DI\": \"\",\n \"D2\": \"\",\n \"PG\": \"\",\n \"WC\": \"\",\n \"SC\": \"\",\n \"GA\": \"\",\n \"UT\": \"\",\n \"chapter_title\": \"Introduction and first evaluation of 120 halophytes under seawater irrigation\",\n \"edition\": \"1. print.\",\n \"nationality\": \"\",\n \"userid\": 0,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"file\": \"\",\n \"file_publico\": \"\",\n \"capa\": \"\",\n \"link\": \"\",\n \"original_aronson_id\": 12,\n \"original_aronson\": \"Aronson, J.A., D. Pasternak and A. Danon. 1988 Introduction and first evaluation of 120 halophytes under seawater irrigation. In Arid lands: today and tomorrow. Proceedings of an international research and development conference, October 20 - 25,1985, Tucson, Arizona, eds. E. E. Whitehead, C. F. Hutchinson, B. N. Timmermann and R. G. Varady, Boulder, Colorado Westview London Belhaven. 737 - 746\",\n \"searchterms\": \" Aronson, J.A., D. Pasternak and A. Danon. edited by Emily E. Whitehead, C. F. Hutchinson, B. N. Timmermann and R. G. Varady Arid lands : today and tomorrow : proceedings of an international research and development conference, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A., October 20-25, 1985 Westview Press Boulder, Colo. 1988 737 746 \",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 7838,\n \"type\": \"OT\",\n \"PT\": \"\",\n \"AU\": \"Florabase\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"The Western Australian Flora\",\n \"SO\": \"\",\n \"SE\": \"\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"\",\n \"DT\": \"\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"\",\n \"ID\": \"\",\n \"AB\": \"\",\n \"C1\": \"\",\n \"RP\": \"\",\n \"EM\": \"\",\n \"RI\": \"\",\n \"OI\": \"\",\n \"FU\": \"\",\n \"FX\": \"\",\n \"CR\": \"\",\n \"NR\": \"\",\n \"TC\": \"\",\n \"Z9\": \"\",\n \"PU\": \"\",\n \"PI\": \"\",\n \"PA\": \"\",\n \"SN\": \"\",\n \"BN\": \"\",\n \"J9\": \"\",\n \"JI\": \"\",\n \"PD\": \"\",\n \"PY\": \"2016\",\n \"VL\": \"\",\n \"IS\": \"\",\n \"PN\": \"\",\n \"SU\": \"\",\n \"SI\": \"\",\n \"MA\": \"\",\n \"BP\": \"\",\n \"EP\": \"\",\n \"AR\": \"\",\n \"DI\": \"\",\n \"D2\": \"\",\n \"PG\": \"\",\n \"WC\": \"\",\n \"SC\": \"\",\n \"GA\": \"\",\n \"UT\": \"\",\n \"chapter_title\": \"\",\n \"edition\": \"\",\n \"nationality\": \"\",\n \"userid\": 11,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"file\": \"\",\n \"file_publico\": \"\",\n \"capa\": \"\",\n \"link\": \"https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/\",\n \"original_aronson_id\": 0,\n \"original_aronson\": \"\",\n \"searchterms\": \" Florabase The Western Australian Flora 2016 \",\n \"created_at\": null,\n \"updated_at\": \"2021-08-26 15:06:27\"\n },\n {\n \"id_pub\": 7839,\n \"type\": \"J\",\n \"PT\": \"J\",\n \"AU\": \"Guo, HL; Wang, Y; Li, DD; Chen, JB; Zong, JQ; Wang, ZY; Chen, X; Liu, JX\",\n \"BA\": \"\",\n \"BE\": \"\",\n \"GP\": \"\",\n \"AF\": \"Guo, Hailin; Wang, Yi; Li, Dandan; Chen, Jingbo; Zong, Junqing; Wang, Zhiyong; Chen, Xuan; Liu, Jianxiu\",\n \"BF\": \"\",\n \"CA\": \"\",\n \"TI\": \"Growth response and ion regulation of seashore paspalum accessions to increasing salinity\",\n \"SO\": \"ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY\",\n \"SE\": \"\",\n \"BS\": \"\",\n \"LA\": \"English\",\n \"DT\": \"Article\",\n \"CT\": \"\",\n \"CY\": \"\",\n \"CL\": \"\",\n \"SP\": \"\",\n \"HO\": \"\",\n \"DE\": \"Seashore paspalum; Salinity tolerance; Growth; K+ concentration; Na+ concentration\",\n \"ID\": \"SALT-TOLERANCE MECHANISMS; TURFGRASSES; CULTIVARS; CRITERIA; BERMUDAGRASS; GRASSES; STRESS\",\n \"AB\": \"Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is an important warm-season turfgrass indigenous to tropical and coastal areas worldwide. The objectives of this study were to investigate the growth response and ion regulation of Chinese seashore paspalum germplasm under salinity stress. Twenty-seven seashore paspalum accessions and one check cultivar \",\n \"C1\": \"[Guo, Hailin; Wang, Yi; Li, Dandan; Chen, Jingbo; Zong, Junqing; Liu, Jianxiu] Inst Bot Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Guo, Hailin; Wang, Yi; Li, Dandan; Chen, Jingbo; Zong, Junqing; Liu, Jianxiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Wang, Zhiyong] Hainan Univ, Coll Agr, Haikou 570228, Peoples R China; [Chen, Xuan] Hainan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Garden & Flower, Haikou 571100, Peoples R China\",\n \"RP\": \"Liu, JX (reprint author), Inst Bot Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Liu, JX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.\",\n \"EM\": \"ghinmg@sina.com\",\n \"RI\": \"\",\n \"OI\": \"\",\n \"FU\": \"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources Fund [QD201301]; 333 Talents Project of Jiangsu Province; Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province [CX(14)2049]\",\n \"FX\": \"This work was supported by the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources Fund (QD201301), 333 Talents Project of Jiangsu Province and Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province (CX(14)2049).\",\n \"CR\": \"Adavi Z, 2006, J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH, V81, P1074; Alshammary SF, 2004, AGR WATER MANAGE, V66, P97, DOI 10.1016/j.agwat.2003.11.002; Berndt WL, 2007, HORTSCIENCE, V42, P417; Chen JB, 2009, SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM, V122, P620, DOI 10.1016/j.scienta.2009.07.004; Chen Z. B., 2005, International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, V10, P543; Deinlein U, 2014, TRENDS PLANT SCI, V19, P371, DOI 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.02.001; DUDECK AE, 1985, AGRON J, V77, P47; Dudeck A. E., 1993, INT TURFGRASS SOC RE, V7, P680; Duncan R.R., 2000, SEASHORE PASPALUM EN; GORHAM J, 1985, PLANT SOIL, V89, P15, DOI 10.1007/BF02182231; GREENWAY H, 1980, ANNU REV PLANT PHYS, V31, P149, DOI 10.1146/annurev.pp.31.060180.001053; Guo H., 2014, DISCRETE DYN NAT SOC, V2014, P1, DOI DOI 10.1371/J0URNAL.P0NE.0107249; Gupta B, 2014, INT J GENOMICS, DOI 10.1155/2014/701596; James RA, 2011, J EXP BOT, V62, P2939, DOI 10.1093/jxb/err003; Lee G, 2004, HORTSCIENCE, V39, P1143; Lee G, 2004, HORTSCIENCE, V39, P1138; Lee GJ, 2007, CROP SCI, V47, P2504, DOI 10.2135/cropsci2006.10.0639; Lee GJ, 2005, CROP SCI, V45, P251; Marcum K. B., 1997, International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, V8, P735; Marcum KB, 1999, CROP SCI, V39, P1153; MARCUM KB, 1990, AGRON J, V82, P892; MARCUM KB, 1994, J AM SOC HORTIC SCI, V119, P779; Roy S, 2014, BOT STUD, V55, DOI 10.1186/1999-3110-55-31; ROZEMA J, 1981, PLANT SOIL, V62, P479, DOI 10.1007/BF02374146; Shahba MA, 2012, CROP SCI, V52, P1358, DOI 10.2135/cropsci2011.06.0337; Shahba MA, 2010, HORTIC ENVIRON BIOTE, V51, P383; Shahid S.A., 2013, DEV SOIL SALINITY AS, P3; Uddin MK, 2012, SCI WORLD J, DOI 10.1100/2012/905468; Xie X.M., 2004, J S CHINA AGR U, V25, P10; Zhang F, 2007, ACTA PRATACULTURAE S, V16, P34\",\n \"NR\": \"30\",\n \"TC\": \"0\",\n \"Z9\": \"0\",\n \"PU\": \"PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD\",\n \"PI\": \"OXFORD\",\n \"PA\": \"THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND\",\n \"SN\": \"0098-8472\",\n \"BN\": \"\",\n \"J9\": \"ENVIRON EXP BOT\",\n \"JI\": \"Environ. Exp. Bot.\",\n \"PD\": \"NOV\",\n \"PY\": \"2016\",\n \"VL\": \"131\",\n \"IS\": \"\",\n \"PN\": \"\",\n \"SU\": \"\",\n \"SI\": \"\",\n \"MA\": \"\",\n \"BP\": \"137\",\n \"EP\": \"145\",\n \"AR\": \"\",\n \"DI\": \"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2016.07.003\",\n \"D2\": \"\",\n \"PG\": \"9\",\n \"WC\": \"Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences\",\n \"SC\": \"Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology\",\n \"GA\": \"DW7IP\",\n \"UT\": \"WOS:000383824700015\",\n \"chapter_title\": \"\",\n \"edition\": \"\",\n \"nationality\": \"\",\n \"userid\": 68,\n \"incorpora\": 0,\n \"publico\": 0,\n \"file\": \"\",\n \"file_publico\": \"\",\n \"capa\": \"\",\n \"link\": \"\",\n \"original_aronson_id\": 0,\n \"original_aronson\": \"\",\n \"searchterms\": \"J Guo, HL; Wang, Y; Li, DD; Chen, JB; Zong, JQ; Wang, ZY; Chen, X; Liu, JX Guo, Hailin; Wang, Yi; Li, Dandan; Chen, Jingbo; Zong, Junqing; Wang, Zhiyong; Chen, Xuan; Liu, Jianxiu Growth response and ion regulation of seashore paspalum accessions to increasing salinity ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY English Article Seashore paspalum; Salinity tolerance; Growth; K+ concentration; Na+ concentration SALT-TOLERANCE MECHANISMS; TURFGRASSES; CULTIVARS; CRITERIA; BERMUDAGRASS; GRASSES; STRESS Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is an important warm-season turfgrass indigenous to tropical and coastal areas worldwide. The objectives of this study were to investigate the growth response and ion regulation of Chinese seashore paspalum germplasm under salinity stress. Twenty-seven seashore paspalum accessions and one check cultivar [Guo, Hailin; Wang, Yi; Li, Dandan; Chen, Jingbo; Zong, Junqing; Liu, Jianxiu] Inst Bot Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Guo, Hailin; Wang, Yi; Li, Dandan; Chen, Jingbo; Zong, Junqing; Liu, Jianxiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Wang, Zhiyong] Hainan Univ, Coll Agr, Haikou 570228, Peoples R China; [Chen, Xuan] Hainan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Garden & Flower, Haikou 571100, Peoples R China Liu, JX (reprint author), Inst Bot Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Liu, JX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. ghinmg@sina.com Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources Fund [QD201301]; 333 Talents Project of Jiangsu Province; Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province [CX(14)2049] This work was supported by the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources Fund (QD201301), 333 Talents Project of Jiangsu Province and Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province (CX(14)2049). Adavi Z, 2006, J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH, V81, P1074; Alshammary SF, 2004, AGR WATER MANAGE, V66, P97, DOI 10.1016/j.agwat.2003.11.002; Berndt WL, 2007, HORTSCIENCE, V42, P417; Chen JB, 2009, SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM, V122, P620, DOI 10.1016/j.scienta.2009.07.004; Chen Z. B., 2005, International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, V10, P543; Deinlein U, 2014, TRENDS PLANT SCI, V19, P371, DOI 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.02.001; DUDECK AE, 1985, AGRON J, V77, P47; Dudeck A. E., 1993, INT TURFGRASS SOC RE, V7, P680; Duncan R.R., 2000, SEASHORE PASPALUM EN; GORHAM J, 1985, PLANT SOIL, V89, P15, DOI 10.1007/BF02182231; GREENWAY H, 1980, ANNU REV PLANT PHYS, V31, P149, DOI 10.1146/annurev.pp.31.060180.001053; Guo H., 2014, DISCRETE DYN NAT SOC, V2014, P1, DOI DOI 10.1371/J0URNAL.P0NE.0107249; Gupta B, 2014, INT J GENOMICS, DOI 10.1155/2014/701596; James RA, 2011, J EXP BOT, V62, P2939, DOI 10.1093/jxb/err003; Lee G, 2004, HORTSCIENCE, V39, P1143; Lee G, 2004, HORTSCIENCE, V39, P1138; Lee GJ, 2007, CROP SCI, V47, P2504, DOI 10.2135/cropsci2006.10.0639; Lee GJ, 2005, CROP SCI, V45, P251; Marcum K. B., 1997, International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, V8, P735; Marcum KB, 1999, CROP SCI, V39, P1153; MARCUM KB, 1990, AGRON J, V82, P892; MARCUM KB, 1994, J AM SOC HORTIC SCI, V119, P779; Roy S, 2014, BOT STUD, V55, DOI 10.1186/1999-3110-55-31; ROZEMA J, 1981, PLANT SOIL, V62, P479, DOI 10.1007/BF02374146; Shahba MA, 2012, CROP SCI, V52, P1358, DOI 10.2135/cropsci2011.06.0337; Shahba MA, 2010, HORTIC ENVIRON BIOTE, V51, P383; Shahid S.A., 2013, DEV SOIL SALINITY AS, P3; Uddin MK, 2012, SCI WORLD J, DOI 10.1100/2012/905468; Xie X.M., 2004, J S CHINA AGR U, V25, P10; Zhang F, 2007, ACTA PRATACULTURAE S, V16, P34 30 0 0 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND 0098-8472 ENVIRON EXP BOT Environ. Exp. Bot. 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